本文選題：數(shù)字高程模型 + 不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)�。� 參考：《中國石油大學(華東)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：河床沖淤量計算分析是進行科學實驗、水利工程建設和預測河床演變的基礎性工作,具有重要的科學和實踐意義。傳統(tǒng)的基于實測資料的計算分析方法,存在計算精度不夠高,不能給出詳細的河床沖淤分布情況的問題。GIS技術(shù)具有強大的空間計算分析和地圖表達能力,引入數(shù)字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)后,不僅更增強了GIS的空間計算分析能力,而且還能直觀的反映區(qū)域內(nèi)地形起伏變化,正好為改善傳統(tǒng)河床沖淤計算分析方法存在的問題提供了條件。本文以黃河尾閭利津(三)斷面至清3斷面河床為例,選擇了2004年4月和10月、2006年4月和10月、2008年4月和10月、2010年4月和10月共8期斷面實測數(shù)據(jù),分別利用ArcGIS和Surfer軟件構(gòu)建河床格網(wǎng)DEM,進行河床槽蓄量與沖淤量的計算,并對兩種方法的沖淤量計算結(jié)果進行了詳細的比較分析,并選擇了2005年4月和10的斷面實測數(shù)據(jù)進行計算驗證。主要工作如下:1)提出了一種基于河床斷面實測數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建河床格網(wǎng)DEM的可行方法。通過對研究區(qū)河床地貌特征和斷面實測數(shù)據(jù)特點的分析,確立河床插值線,后沿河床插值線進行河床高程點的插值加密。并利用ArcGIS Engine二次開發(fā)技術(shù),編程實現(xiàn)了斷面實測點數(shù)據(jù)的導入和沿河床插值線進行插值加密生成加密高程點,在此基礎上生成了較高質(zhì)量的河床DEM數(shù)據(jù)。2)基于ArcGIS和Surfer兩種軟件計算得到的研究區(qū)河段同一時段的河床沖淤量正負號相同,即兩種方法計算結(jié)果所表現(xiàn)出的同一時段河床沖刷或淤積性質(zhì)相同。但是,兩種方法所采用的DEM體積計算原理不同,導致根據(jù)相同斷面實測數(shù)據(jù)計算得到?jīng)_淤量數(shù)值有差別,但大小趨勢相同。3)自開始實施黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙以來,每年4月份至10月份,研究區(qū)河段河床總體處于沖刷狀態(tài),不同的年份,河床沖刷量差異大;每年10月份至第二年4月份,研究區(qū)河段河床總體處于淤積狀態(tài);在一個完整的一年期時間段內(nèi),研究區(qū)河段河床總體沖刷量大于總體淤積量,與研究區(qū)河段實際的河床沖淤性質(zhì)相符,說明本文基于DEM的河床沖淤量計算是可靠的。
[Abstract]:The calculation and analysis of river bed scour and deposition is the basic work for carrying out scientific experiments, water conservancy engineering construction and predicting river bed evolution, which has important scientific and practical significance. The traditional calculation and analysis method based on the measured data has the problem that the calculation precision is not high enough to give the detailed distribution of river bed scour and silt. The GIS technology has a powerful ability of spatial calculation and analysis and map expression. The introduction of digital elevation model (Digital elevation Model) not only enhances the spatial calculation and analysis ability of GIS, but also can directly reflect the topographic fluctuation in the region, which provides the condition for improving the problems existing in the traditional calculation and analysis method of river bed scour and deposition. Taking the riverbed of section 3 from section 3 to section 3 of the end of the Yellow River as an example, the measured data of 8 transects were selected in April and October 2004, April and October 2006, April and October 2008, April and October 2010, respectively. ArcGIS and Surfer software are used to construct river bed grid DEM, to calculate channel storage and scour and silt, and to compare and analyze the calculation results of the two methods in detail. The cross-section measured data of April and October 2005 were selected to be calculated and verified. The main work is as follows: (1) A feasible method of constructing river bed grid Dem based on the measured data of river bed section is presented. Based on the analysis of the geomorphological characteristics of the river bed and the measured data of the section in the study area, the interpolation line of the river bed is established, and the interpolation line of the river bed along the river bed is interpolated to encrypt the elevation point of the river bed. By using the ArcGIS engine secondary development technology, the data import of the measured points of the section and the interpolation line along the riverbed are programmed to generate the encrypted elevation points, and the interpolation lines along the river bed are interpolated to generate the encrypted elevation points. On this basis, a high quality river bed Dem data. 2) based on ArcGIS and Surfer software, the river bed scour and silt volume in the same period of time in the studied area is equal in positive and negative sign. The results of the two methods show the same properties of river bed erosion or deposition in the same time period. However, the Dem volume calculation principle used in the two methods is different, which leads to the difference of the scour and silt value according to the measured data of the same section, but the trend is the same. 3) since the implementation of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation, From April to October of each year, the river bed in the study area is generally in the state of scour, the amount of river bed scouring varies greatly in different years, and from October to April of the year, the river bed in the study area is in the state of siltation. In a complete period of one year, the total scour amount of the river bed in the study area is larger than the total siltation amount, which is consistent with the actual river bed scour and siltation property in the study area, which shows that the calculation of the river bed scour and deposition based on Dem in this paper is reliable.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV147

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