發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 17:00

  本文選題：跌坎型底流消能工 + 時均壓強　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國水利水電事業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,新建了許多大中型水利水電工程,這些工程往往具有高水頭、單寬流量大的特點,泄洪消能問題較為突出。隨著我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和國民生產(chǎn)總值的提高,人們不再是僅僅停留在經(jīng)濟效益作為水利水電工程的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而是綜合考慮水電項目對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。對生態(tài)環(huán)境要求較高的正在建設(shè)和即將建設(shè)的水電工程都放棄了挑流消能方案而選擇底流消能。 基于底流消能的跌坎型消能工是一種能適應(yīng)低水頭、單寬流量大的新型消能工。由于跌坎的存在,水流進入消力池后,沿程得到一定程度的擴散,主流兩側(cè)形成漩渦以及強烈的紊動剪切擴散,將高速的主流引離臨底區(qū)域,臨底流速有效降低,因此基于底流消能的跌坎型底流消能工,具有消能率高、入池流態(tài)穩(wěn)定,對地質(zhì)條件適應(yīng)性強以及水流霧化小等優(yōu)點,該消能工具有較好的應(yīng)用前景。 由于入射水流到達消力池底板時,在沖擊區(qū)水流對底板形成沖擊作用,臨底流速、時均壓強均達到峰值,對消力池底板沖刷破壞較為嚴(yán)重。并且沖擊區(qū)是跌坎型底流消能工主要的消能區(qū)域,對沖擊區(qū)的水力特性研究、底板荷載計算,有助于提高跌坎型底流消能工的使用壽命,對優(yōu)化跌坎型底流消能工體型設(shè)計有著重要意義。 本文是基于國家自然科學(xué)基金(項目編號：51169008)而立題,結(jié)合理論分析、水力學(xué)模型試驗和數(shù)值計算的方法,研究了跌坎型底流消能工沖擊區(qū)水力特性,總結(jié)出跌坎型底流消能工淹沒射流區(qū)射流軸線最大速度衰減的半經(jīng)驗公式,總結(jié)出跌坎型底流消能工沖擊區(qū)的時均動壓的計算公式。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of water conservancy and hydropower industry in China, many large and medium-sized water conservancy and hydropower projects have been built. These projects often have the characteristics of high water head and large single wide discharge, and the problem of flood discharge and energy dissipation is more prominent.With the development of our country's economy and the increase of GDP, people are not only considering the economic benefits as the evaluation standard of water conservancy and hydropower projects, but also considering the impact of hydropower projects on the ecological environment.The hydropower projects which are under construction and are about to be constructed have given up the energy dissipation scheme with high ecological environment and opted for the energy dissipation at the bottom flow.Energy dissipation based on bottom flow is a new type of energy dissipator with low head and large flow rate.Because of the existence of the fall, the flow into the stilling pool, along the course to a certain extent of diffusion, the formation of vortex on both sides of the mainstream and strong turbulent shear diffusion, leading the high-speed mainstream away from the near bottom area, the near bottom velocity is effectively reduced,Therefore, the energy dissipation tool based on the bottom flow energy dissipation has the advantages of high energy dissipation rate, stable flow state in the pool, strong adaptability to geological conditions and small atomization of water flow, etc. The energy dissipation tool has a good prospect of application.When the incident water reaches the bottom of the stilling pool, the flow in the impact zone forms an impact on the bottom, and the velocity of flow near the bottom and the average pressure at the time all reach the peak value, and the scour damage to the bottom of the stilling pool is more serious.And the impact area is the main energy dissipation area for the energy dissipators. The study of hydraulic characteristics of the impact zone and the calculation of floor load will help to improve the service life of the floor flow dissipators.It is of great significance to optimize the design of energy dissipators.This paper is based on the National Natural Science Foundation of China (item No.: 51169008), combining with theoretical analysis, hydraulics model test and numerical calculation, the hydraulic characteristics of the impact zone of the energy dissipator with the type of floor flow are studied.The semi-empirical formula of maximum velocity attenuation of jet axis in submerged jet zone is summarized, and the calculating formula of time-averaged dynamic pressure in the impact zone of energy dissipator is summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV653;TV31

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