本文選題：平原水庫(kù)　切入點(diǎn)：ABAQUS　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū)修建平原水庫(kù)能有效地緩解區(qū)域性缺水的問(wèn)題，但由于水庫(kù)壩線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)，滲漏較山區(qū)水庫(kù)更為嚴(yán)重，容易抬高下游地下水位，水庫(kù)周邊的地下水位便成為了影響土地生態(tài)環(huán)境的敏感因素。本文以坐落在半荒漠地區(qū)的新疆某大型平原水庫(kù)為研究對(duì)象，針對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的土壤鹽漬化問(wèn)題，用ABAQUS軟件模擬計(jì)算水庫(kù)滲漏后的下游地下水埋深，分析了水庫(kù)周下游可能出現(xiàn)的土壤鹽漬化的程度和范圍，并研究典型的恰拉水庫(kù)，探討防治平原水庫(kù)周邊土壤鹽漬化的措施。初步成果如下： （1）利用ABAQUS模擬水庫(kù)典型斷面不同工況的壩體、壩基以及下游土壤中水的滲流歷時(shí)形態(tài)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：在庫(kù)水位為495m的實(shí)際情況下，滲流較為緩慢，，預(yù)測(cè)水庫(kù)開(kāi)始運(yùn)行75年后水庫(kù)滲漏對(duì)下游地下水的影響會(huì)達(dá)到極限，距壩趾200m處觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的地下水埋深由初始的10.48m上升至1.45m，距壩趾400m處觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的地下水埋深由初始的10.60m上升至2.15m；在庫(kù)水位為500m的最不利情況下：滲流速度比前一工況下有所加快，預(yù)測(cè)水庫(kù)運(yùn)行至40年時(shí)水庫(kù)滲漏對(duì)下游地下水的影響會(huì)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，此時(shí)距壩趾200m處觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的地下水埋深由初始的10.48m上升至1.25m，距壩趾400m處觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的地下水埋深由10.60m上升至1.95m，隨后會(huì)輕微上下波動(dòng)。 （2）地下水臨界深度是判別是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)土壤鹽漬化現(xiàn)象的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，經(jīng)分析得知適用于水庫(kù)下游的地下水臨界深度為2.85m。 （3）針對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的土壤鹽漬化現(xiàn)象，由計(jì)算所得的典型斷面處的地下水埋深歷時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)比地下水臨界深度，可預(yù)測(cè)水庫(kù)下游可能出現(xiàn)的鹽漬化情況，結(jié)果表明：1）在實(shí)際情況下，水庫(kù)蓄水后，地下水埋深正好是臨界地下水深（2.85m）的位置不斷向遠(yuǎn)處移動(dòng)，75年后趨于穩(wěn)定，2095年時(shí)的鹽漬化的范圍最遠(yuǎn)，達(dá)到距離壩趾609m處；2）最不利情況下，由于滲流速度較大，地下水水位上升快，到2045年時(shí)滲流達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。 （4）分析計(jì)算所得的典型斷面處不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的地下水埋深，可得出水庫(kù)滲漏補(bǔ)給區(qū)的范圍，結(jié)果表明：1）水庫(kù)上游水位為495m的實(shí)際情況下，水庫(kù)滲漏補(bǔ)給區(qū)的邊界由初始的距壩趾300m的位置向大壩下游方向移動(dòng)，到了水庫(kù)蓄水后的第75年即2082年，滲漏補(bǔ)給區(qū)邊界的移動(dòng)趨于穩(wěn)定；2）水庫(kù)上游水位為500m的最不利情況下，水庫(kù)滲漏補(bǔ)給區(qū)的邊界由初始的距壩趾300m的位置向大壩下游方向移動(dòng)，到了水庫(kù)蓄水后的第40年即2045年，滲漏補(bǔ)給區(qū)邊界的移動(dòng)趨于穩(wěn)定。 （5）對(duì)恰拉水庫(kù)改善防滲措施前后的分析結(jié)果說(shuō)明，完善壩體壩基的防滲措施對(duì)防治水庫(kù)周邊土壤鹽漬化效果明顯。
[Abstract]:The construction of plain reservoirs in inland arid areas can effectively alleviate the problem of regional water shortage. However, because of the long dam line, the leakage is more serious than that of mountain reservoirs, and it is easy to raise the downstream groundwater level. The groundwater level around the reservoir has become a sensitive factor affecting the land ecological environment. In this paper, a large plain reservoir located in the semi-desert area of Xinjiang is taken as the research object, aiming at the problem of soil salinization that may occur. Using ABAQUS software to simulate and calculate the groundwater depth of the lower reaches after reservoir leakage, to analyze the degree and scope of soil salinization that may occur in the lower reaches of the reservoir, and to study the typical Chara reservoir. The measures to prevent and cure soil salinization around plain reservoirs are discussed. The preliminary results are as follows:. 1) using ABAQUS to simulate the percolation duration of dam body, dam foundation and downstream soil of typical section of reservoir under different working conditions. The results show that the seepage flow is slow when the water level of reservoir is 495m. It is predicted that the effect of reservoir leakage on the downstream groundwater will reach its limit after 75 years of operation. The groundwater depth at the observation point 200m from the dam toe increased from 10.48m to 1.45m, and the groundwater depth at the observation point 400m from the dam toe increased from 10.60m to 2.15m.The percolation velocity was accelerated when the water level of the reservoir was 500m. It is predicted that the effect of reservoir leakage on the downstream groundwater will reach a stable state when the reservoir runs for 40 years. The groundwater depth at the observation point 200m from the dam toe increases from 10.48m to 1.25m, and the groundwater depth at the observation point 400m from the dam toe increases from 10.60m to 1.95m. then it fluctuates slightly up and down. 2) the critical depth of groundwater is the criterion to judge whether soil salinization will occur, and the critical depth of groundwater suitable for the lower reaches of reservoir is 2.85 m. (3) in view of the possible soil salinization phenomenon, the groundwater salinization in the lower reaches of the reservoir can be predicted by comparing the groundwater critical depth with the calculated groundwater depth data at the typical section. The results show that, in practice, after the reservoir impoundments, the groundwater depth is exactly 2.85 m) and the position of the groundwater is moving to a distance, which tends to stabilize after 75 years, and the salinization range in 2095 is the furthest. Under the most disadvantageous condition, the groundwater level rises quickly because of the large seepage velocity, and the seepage reaches a stable state by 2045. 4) the depth of groundwater buried at different time points at the typical section is analyzed and calculated, and the range of reservoir leakage and recharge area can be obtained. The result shows that the upstream water level of the reservoir is 495m. The boundary of the leakage recharge area of the reservoir moves from the initial position 300 m from the toe of the dam to the downstream direction of the dam, and in the 75th year after the reservoir impoundment, that is, 2082, the boundary of the leakage recharge zone tends to be stable) the upstream water level of the reservoir is 500 m. The boundary of the leakage recharge area of the reservoir moves from the initial position 300 m from the toe of the dam to the downstream direction of the dam, and the movement of the boundary of the leakage recharge area tends to be stable in 2045, 40 years after the reservoir impoundment. 5) the analysis results before and after the improvement of seepage control measures in Chara Reservoir show that the improvement of seepage prevention measures for dam foundation is effective in preventing and curing soil salinization around the reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S156.41;TV223.4

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