本文選題：急流　切入點(diǎn)：模型試驗(yàn)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前，高速水流壓力脈動(dòng)對(duì)于水工建筑物的影響是工程界普遍關(guān)心的問題，，但是水流脈動(dòng)的內(nèi)在實(shí)質(zhì)尚未從理論上完全搞清楚，數(shù)值計(jì)算缺乏理論支撐，而原型觀測(cè)受到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件限制，故人們更多地是利用水工模型試驗(yàn)研究水流脈動(dòng)壓力。急流脈動(dòng)壓力相似律問題尚未解決，模型中所獲成果就不能“完整”地應(yīng)用到實(shí)際工程中，即脈動(dòng)壓力幅值可按重力相似準(zhǔn)則換算到原型，而頻率就無法換算，給結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性分析帶來障礙。 本文主要以急流脈動(dòng)壓力為研究對(duì)象，利用三個(gè)不同模型研究陡槽上急流脈動(dòng)壓力滿足的相似準(zhǔn)則。在自主設(shè)計(jì)陡槽模型上研究急流脈動(dòng)壓力滿足的相似準(zhǔn)則，找到急流脈動(dòng)壓力模型和原型轉(zhuǎn)換滿足的規(guī)律。在兩個(gè)工程實(shí)體縮尺模型上對(duì)陡槽上急流和水躍區(qū)水流的脈動(dòng)壓力進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。本文主要做了以下內(nèi)容： （1）以自主設(shè)計(jì)模型為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行系列模型試驗(yàn)，計(jì)算了K值及其概率分布，比較不同比尺K值的分布情況。計(jì)算脈動(dòng)壓強(qiáng)系數(shù)β，得出脈動(dòng)壓力幅值滿足的相似準(zhǔn)則。分析不同比尺下脈動(dòng)壓力概率分布和特征值CS、CE的分布情況。對(duì)不同比尺下脈動(dòng)壓力時(shí)空相關(guān)特性進(jìn)行研究。利用傅里葉變換，分析不同比尺水流脈動(dòng)壓力功率譜，得到水流脈動(dòng)壓力頻率相似滿足的規(guī)律。 （2）以某實(shí)際工程縮尺模型為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行系列比尺試驗(yàn)。與自主設(shè)計(jì)模型中對(duì)脈動(dòng)壓力的分析對(duì)象相同，對(duì)該模型系列比尺下的脈動(dòng)壓力進(jìn)行研究，得到模型和原型上急流脈動(dòng)壓力的幅值和頻率滿足的相似準(zhǔn)則。 （3）研究陡槽段和消力池段內(nèi)的水流，即對(duì)陡槽上急流脈動(dòng)與水躍區(qū)脈動(dòng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。研究?jī)?nèi)容包括脈動(dòng)壓力均方根、脈動(dòng)壓力的K值、脈動(dòng)壓力概率分布及特征值CS和CE、脈動(dòng)壓力頻率特征值及相關(guān)性等。
[Abstract]:At present, the influence of high speed flow pressure pulsation on hydraulic structures is of general concern to the engineering community. However, the intrinsic essence of water flow pulsation has not been fully understood in theory, and the numerical calculation lacks theoretical support. But the prototype observation is restricted by the field conditions, so the hydraulic model test is used to study the flow pulsation pressure, and the problem of the similarity law of the jet pulsation pressure has not been solved. The results obtained in the model can not be "completely" applied to practical engineering, that is, the amplitude of pulsating pressure can be converted to prototype according to the criterion of gravity similarity, but the frequency can not be converted, which brings obstacles to the stability analysis of structures. In this paper, three different models are used to study the similarity criterion of the jet pulsation pressure on the channel, and the similarity criterion of the jet pulsation pressure satisfaction is studied on the self-designed trough model. To find out the law of the jet pulsating pressure model and prototype conversion, and to compare the pulsating pressure between the jet flow and the hydraulic jump flow on two engineering entity scale models. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. 1) taking the autonomous design model as the research object, a series of model tests are carried out, and the K value and its probability distribution are calculated. The distribution of K value of different scale is compared, the coefficient of pulsating pressure 尾 is calculated, and the similarity criterion of amplitude value of pulsating pressure is obtained. The probability distribution of pulsating pressure and the distribution of characteristic value CSN CE under different scale are analyzed. The temporal and spatial correlation of pulsating pressure is studied. By analyzing the power spectrum of flow pulsation pressure with different scales, the law of the similarity of flow pulsation pressure frequency is obtained. Taking the scale model of a practical engineering as the research object, a series of scale scale tests are carried out. The pulsating pressure under the scale of the model series is studied, which is the same as the analysis object of the pulsating pressure in the autonomous design model. The similarity criterion of amplitude and frequency of jet pulsation pressure on model and prototype is obtained. 3) to study the flow of water in the chute and the stilling pool, that is, to compare the pulsation of the jet current with the pulsation in the hydraulic jump region, including the root mean square of the pulsating pressure, the K value of the pulsating pressure, Probability distribution and eigenvalue of pulsating pressure CS and CE. characteristic value and correlation of frequency of pulsating pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV131.3

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