本文選題：硅藻　切入點：超聲波　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三峽水庫的運行使得三峽大壩上游在汛期保持低水位運行，而在枯水期保持高水位運行，，庫區(qū)的水文、水環(huán)境、水生態(tài)等較蓄水前發(fā)生了巨大的變化，三峽庫區(qū)支流河道型的硅藻“水華”現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生，嚴重影響供水安全。超聲波較其他除藻工藝有著無可比擬的優(yōu)勢，而目前關(guān)于超聲除藻的研究單一且不全面。本文針對三峽庫區(qū)多以硅藻“水華”為主的特點，選擇危害最大的針桿藻屬硅藻為研究對象，探討了超聲對硅藻的滅活機制以及在這一過程中的有機物釋放和降解規(guī)律，并對中頻超聲除（滅活）硅藻過程中的水質(zhì)安全進行研究，取得了以下主要結(jié)論： 1）通過對中頻超聲在不同模式（頻率、功率及長短期）下的效能、機制（機械效應(yīng)及自由基氧化效應(yīng)）以及滅活動力學(xué)進行了深入的研究，得出中頻超聲對硅藻的滅活是空化泡共振效應(yīng)破壞葉綠體結(jié)構(gòu)與羥基自由基氧化降解葉綠素a共同作用的結(jié)果。 2）停止超聲處理后，針桿藻的光合參數(shù)Y、α以及rETRmax值會立即恢復(fù)，而由于超聲在處理硅藻過程中抑制了藻細胞的分裂，因此葉綠素a的恢復(fù)明顯滯后。 3）對超聲滅活硅藻過程中有機物的釋放與降解規(guī)律進行探索，通過測量水樣中TOC的濃度以及觀察細胞形態(tài)隨超聲時間的變化情況發(fā)現(xiàn)，在超聲處理前10min，細胞去除率達86%，細胞破碎嚴重，且具有完整細胞形態(tài)的空殼細胞有90%，TOC濃度上升，有機物大量釋放；10～15min后，TOC濃度下降，有機物被部分降解。結(jié)合1）中超聲處理前10min針桿藻的光量子產(chǎn)量Y值降解曲線，分別與TOC濃度變化以及細胞去除率進行相關(guān)性分析，得出有機物的釋放和細胞去除率隨光合活性參數(shù)值的降低成比例的增加，在超聲處理前10min，大部分細胞的完整性被破壞，胞內(nèi)有機物也大量釋放，因此在后期需進一步研究消毒副產(chǎn)物生成潛能，深入探討有機物釋放對飲用水安全的影響。
[Abstract]:The operation of the three Gorges Reservoir causes the upstream of the three Gorges Dam to maintain a low water level during flood season, while to maintain a high water level during the dry season. The hydrology, water environment, and water ecology of the reservoir area have undergone great changes compared with those before the water storage. The phenomenon of "Shui Hua" of diatoms in tributaries of the three Gorges Reservoir area occurs from time to time, seriously affecting the safety of water supply. Ultrasonic wave has an unparalleled advantage over other algal removal techniques. However, the current research on ultrasonic algal removal is single and incomplete. In view of the characteristics of "Shui Hua" in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the most harmful diatom, Diatom, is chosen as the research object in this paper. The mechanism of ultrasonic inactivation of diatoms and the release and degradation of organic matter in the process were discussed. The safety of water quality in the process of medium frequency ultrasonic removal (inactivation) of diatoms was studied. The main conclusions were as follows:. 1) the efficiency, mechanism (mechanical effect and free radical oxidation effect) and inactivation kinetics of intermediate frequency ultrasound in different modes (frequency, power, and short and long term) were studied. It is concluded that the inactivation of diatoms by intermediate frequency ultrasound is the result of the effect of cavitation bubble resonance effect on the destruction of chloroplast structure and the oxidation of chlorophyll a by hydroxyl radical. 2) the photosynthetic parameters (Y, 偽 and rETRmax) of Acetophyta recovered immediately after the treatment of ultrasound, but the recovery of chlorophyll a was obviously delayed because of the inhibition of cell division during the treatment of diatoms by ultrasound. 3) the rules of organic matter release and degradation in the process of ultrasonic inactivation of diatoms were explored. By measuring the concentration of TOC in water samples and observing the changes of cell morphology with ultrasonic time, it was found that. Ten minutes before ultrasound treatment, the cell removal rate reached 86%, the cell fragmentation was serious, and 90 of the empty shell cells with intact cell morphology increased TOC concentration, and the concentration of TOC decreased after 1015min after a large release of organic matter. Organic matter was partially degraded. In combination with 1) the degradation curve of photoquantum yield Y value of Phellodendron sp. 10 minutes before ultrasonic treatment was analyzed respectively with the change of TOC concentration and the cell removal rate. The results showed that the organic matter release and cell removal rate increased proportionally with the decrease of photosynthetic activity parameters. At 10 min before ultrasound treatment, the integrity of most of the cells was destroyed, and the intracellular organic matter was released in large quantities. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the generation potential of disinfection by-products and the effect of organic matter release on drinking water safety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X524;TV697

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