本文選題：河道治理　切入點(diǎn)：指標(biāo)體系　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),河流受到來(lái)自人為的干擾愈演愈烈,筑壩、分流、裁彎取直、河岸(道)固化等,擾亂了河流自然形態(tài)與水循環(huán)過(guò)程,導(dǎo)致河流水質(zhì)惡化、形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)破壞、河岸植被帶退化、河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被破壞、水生環(huán)境退化等種種問(wèn)題。河道作為河流的通道和水體環(huán)境的重要載體,其治理過(guò)程及結(jié)果將直接影響河流本身及周圍生態(tài)環(huán)境。因此,河道的治理對(duì)于改善河流環(huán)境,滿足人類生活需求等方面起到重要作用。 河道的治理是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,其治理效果也需要一個(gè)科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)、全面的評(píng)價(jià)方法來(lái)判定。本文通過(guò)對(duì)頭道溝河道治理措施及其配置情況的調(diào)查研究分析,總結(jié)歸納出頭道溝小流域河道多功能治理模式及治理特色,并針對(duì)各項(xiàng)治理措施達(dá)預(yù)期效果篩選出相適應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),建立評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,最后基于AHP法對(duì)頭道溝河道從功能效果、生態(tài)效果、親水效果及景觀效果四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。 本研究以興城市頭道溝小流域河道治理為對(duì)象,探索頭道溝河道治理措施及其配置情況,通過(guò)建立一套適用于頭道溝小流域地域特征的河道治理效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并確定了相關(guān)的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)各項(xiàng)措施及其配置的治理效果從功能效果、生態(tài)效果、親水效果及景觀效果四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。初步評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明： (1)功能效果評(píng)價(jià)方面,防洪措施損壞率得分最高(7分),說(shuō)明對(duì)于河道泄洪功能有了初步保障,但在今后每次洪澇災(zāi)害后,相關(guān)部門都應(yīng)對(duì)防洪措施進(jìn)行檢查和維護(hù),確保措施的安全性能,保證周圍居民的人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。蓄水量及雨洪資源利用率得分適中(5分),說(shuō)明攔蓄壩工程基本蓄水功能得以滿足,雨洪資源的利用保證了頭道溝小流域農(nóng)田灌溉用水需求,解決了村民的飲水困難問(wèn)題,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)水面養(yǎng)殖,提高了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)效益。 (2)生態(tài)效果評(píng)價(jià)方面,水體連續(xù)性得分最高(7分),是由于攔蓄壩工程中設(shè)置閘門的作用,使河道在枯水期也有足夠的蓄水保證水體的連續(xù)性；植物多樣性得分最低(3分),這是由于在頭道溝河道治理后期,相關(guān)管理部門并沒(méi)有對(duì)河岸植被進(jìn)行管理與維護(hù),導(dǎo)致河岸生境的生態(tài)狀況相對(duì)較差,但整體水平仍高于未進(jìn)行治理的河段。 (3)親水效果評(píng)價(jià)及景觀效果評(píng)價(jià)方面,各指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)分?jǐn)?shù)相對(duì)較平均且分值較高,特別是群眾滿意度及景觀認(rèn)同度這兩個(gè)由群眾打分的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),說(shuō)明在治理過(guò)程中,由于親水設(shè)施及景觀設(shè)施的融入,使得頭道溝河道成為一個(gè)供附近居民及游人娛樂(lè)的親水平臺(tái)和旅游景觀,受到廣大群眾的認(rèn)同與喜愛(ài)。 (4)頭道溝河道整體加權(quán)綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為3.014,治理效果綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)等級(jí)為良,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)階段頭道溝河道治理在功能效果、生態(tài)效果、親水效果及景觀效果方面已取得了良好的成效,在保證自身防洪安全的同時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)了多功能開(kāi)發(fā)治理,后續(xù)的管理與維護(hù)工作也需受到一定的重視。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rivers have been increasingly disturbed by man-made disturbances, such as damming, diversion, cutting and straightening, river bank solidification and so on, which disturb the natural form and water cycle process of rivers, and lead to the deterioration of river water quality and the destruction of morphological structure. Riparian vegetation degradation, river ecosystem destruction, aquatic environment degradation and other problems. River as a channel and an important carrier of the water environment, The process and results of the river management will directly affect the river itself and the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, the river channel management plays an important role in improving the river environment and meeting the needs of human life. The regulation of river course is a gradual process, and its effect also needs a scientific, systematic and comprehensive evaluation method to judge. This paper summarizes and summarizes the multi-function control mode and characteristics of the river course in the small watershed of Toutaogou, and selects the suitable evaluation indexes according to the expected effects of the various control measures, and establishes the evaluation index system. Finally, based on the AHP method, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out in four aspects: function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect. This research takes the river course management of the small watershed of Toudaogou in Xingcheng city as the object, probes into the regulation measures and the disposition of the river channel of the headway ditch, and establishes a set of evaluation index system of the river course treatment effect which is suitable for the regional characteristics of the small watershed of the Tudaogou river. Finally, the related evaluation criteria were determined. The effects of the measures and their disposition were evaluated from four aspects: function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect. The preliminary evaluation results showed that:. (1) in the evaluation of function effect, the damage rate of flood control measures has the highest score (7 points), indicating that there is a preliminary guarantee for flood discharge function, but after each flood disaster in the future, the relevant departments should check and maintain the flood control measures. To ensure the safety performance of the measures, to ensure the safety of the people and property of the surrounding residents. The scores of water storage and utilization ratio of rain and flood resources are moderate (5 points), which shows that the basic water storage function of the dam retaining works can be satisfied. The utilization of rain and flood resources can ensure the demand of irrigation water for farmland in the small watershed of Tudaogou, solve the difficulty of drinking water for villagers, realize water surface culture and improve the local economic benefit at the same time. (2) in the aspect of ecological effect evaluation, the water body continuity score is the highest (7 points), because of the function of sluice gate in the retaining dam project, so that there is enough water storage to ensure the continuity of the water body in the dry season; The lowest score of plant diversity (3 points) was due to the fact that in the late stage of Tudaogou river course management, the relevant management departments did not manage and maintain the riparian vegetation, which resulted in the relatively poor ecological condition of riparian habitats. But the overall level is still higher than the unmanaged reach. (3) in the evaluation of hydrophilic effect and landscape effect, the evaluation scores of each index are relatively average and higher, especially the satisfaction degree of the masses and the degree of landscape identity, which are the two evaluation indexes scored by the masses, which indicate that in the process of governance, Due to the integration of hydrophilic facilities and landscape facilities, the Toutaogou River has become a hydrophilic platform and tourist landscape for nearby residents and tourists to entertain, which is recognized and loved by the masses. (4) the overall weighted comprehensive evaluation result of Tudaogougou river is 3.014, and the comprehensive evaluation index grade of treatment effect is good, which indicates that good results have been achieved in the function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect of Tudaogou river treatment at present. In order to ensure the safety of flood control, multifunctional development and management are realized, and the subsequent management and maintenance should be paid more attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV85

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