本文關(guān)鍵詞： 滿拉水利樞紐 流域管理 運(yùn)行機(jī)制 管理模式 發(fā)展規(guī)劃　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西藏滿拉水利樞紐工程位于西藏西南部,氣候寒冷、地震頻繁,該水利樞紐于上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代末期開始運(yùn)行,創(chuàng)造了巨大的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。通過對(duì)西藏滿拉水利樞紐運(yùn)行管理工作進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),認(rèn)為西藏滿拉水利樞紐管理組織機(jī)構(gòu)較完善,水庫能按照調(diào)度規(guī)程和調(diào)度計(jì)劃合理調(diào)度運(yùn)用,水庫制定有防汛應(yīng)急預(yù)案,大壩維護(hù)基本正常,工程設(shè)施較完整,水電廠能基本按照“以電養(yǎng)電”發(fā)展要求運(yùn)行。但是滿拉水利樞紐工程仍然存在著大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)老化失修、損壞等問題,不能自動(dòng)運(yùn)行,監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目達(dá)不到水利行業(yè)規(guī)范、規(guī)程要求;水情測(cè)報(bào)系統(tǒng)難以滿足水庫汛期調(diào)度運(yùn)用要求;泄洪洞洞內(nèi)普遍存在混凝土凍融破壞、被水中礦物質(zhì)腐蝕,出現(xiàn)滲水及析出礦物質(zhì)等現(xiàn)象,雖經(jīng)多次處理,未能根本解決問題。水電廠雖然能基本實(shí)現(xiàn)正常運(yùn)行,但由于上網(wǎng)電價(jià)的限制,進(jìn)一步提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,提高廣大企業(yè)職工收入,按照現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度管理,難度大困難不少。本論文以滿拉水庫樞紐為例依托開展運(yùn)行管理研究,根據(jù)西藏的特點(diǎn)和滿拉水利樞紐建成后面臨的具體情況的研究,提出事業(yè)企業(yè)混合屬性的機(jī)構(gòu)管理模式,組建事業(yè)性質(zhì)并監(jiān)管發(fā)電企業(yè)的流域管理機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)流域內(nèi)的防洪、灌溉、發(fā)電的統(tǒng)一管理,發(fā)揮流域管理機(jī)構(gòu)的職能。基于流域現(xiàn)狀和水利樞紐布置和運(yùn)行特性的研究,提出包括安全、防洪、灌溉、發(fā)電、多種經(jīng)營(yíng)的多系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)行機(jī)制。從水庫工程本身的維護(hù)和安全運(yùn)行角度出發(fā),提出了工程與非工程措施相結(jié)合的發(fā)展規(guī)劃,以實(shí)現(xiàn)滿拉水利樞紐管理機(jī)構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。對(duì)于非工程措施主要開展了包括加強(qiáng)水庫管理隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、深化水管體制改革、加快庫區(qū)管理與水資源管理制度建設(shè)、完善水庫突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案、建立水庫運(yùn)行年度報(bào)告制度、編制水庫運(yùn)行、維護(hù)與監(jiān)測(cè)手冊(cè)、建設(shè)水庫自動(dòng)化監(jiān)測(cè)及遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)等多方面的系統(tǒng)研究,對(duì)于工程措施開展了泄洪洞洞內(nèi)混凝土破壞機(jī)理與處理措施、庫區(qū)庫岸滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)與治理、庫內(nèi)泥沙淤積影響分析的研究,上述研究成果已在滿拉水庫樞紐安全運(yùn)行與管理得以實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:The Manla water conservancy project in Tibet is located in the southwest of Tibet, with a cold climate and frequent earthquakes. The project began to operate in the end of -10s. Through summing up the operation and management work of the Manla Water Conservancy Project in Tibet, it is considered that the management organization of the Manla Water Conservancy Project in Tibet is relatively perfect. The reservoir can be reasonably operated according to the regulation of the operation and the operation plan, the reservoir has formulated a flood prevention emergency plan, the dam maintenance is basically normal, and the engineering facilities are relatively complete. Hydropower plants can basically run in accordance with the development requirements of "electricity maintenance by electricity". However, the Manla water conservancy project still has problems such as aging, disrepair and damage of dam safety monitoring system, which cannot be operated automatically, and the monitoring projects cannot reach the water conservancy industry standard. Regulation requirements; water regime monitoring and forecasting system is difficult to meet the operational requirements of reservoir operation in flood season; freeze-thaw destruction of concrete, corrosion by minerals in water, seepage and precipitation of minerals are common in flood discharge tunnels, although they have been treated many times. The problem has not been solved fundamentally. Although hydropower plants can basically achieve normal operation, due to the restrictions of electricity prices on the Internet, they can further improve economic efficiency, raise the income of the workers and staff of the majority of enterprises, and manage them in accordance with the modern enterprise system. This paper takes the Manla Reservoir Project as an example to carry out operation management research. According to the characteristics of Tibet and the concrete situation after the completion of the Manla Water Conservancy Project, the paper puts forward the institutional management model with mixed attributes of enterprise and enterprise. Set up the watershed management organization of enterprise and supervise the power generation enterprise, realize the unified management of flood control, irrigation and power generation in the river basin, give play to the function of the basin management organization, based on the study of the present situation of the basin and the arrangement and operation characteristics of the hydro-junction, The multi-system coordinated operation mechanism including safety, flood control, irrigation, power generation and diversified operation is put forward. From the view of maintenance and safe operation of reservoir engineering itself, the development plan combining engineering with non-engineering measures is put forward. In order to realize the sustainable development of the management organization of the Manla Water Conservancy Project, the non-engineering measures include strengthening the construction of the reservoir management team, deepening the reform of the water management system, and speeding up the construction of the reservoir area management and the water resources management system. Perfecting emergency plan of reservoir emergency, establishing annual report system of reservoir operation, compiling manual of reservoir operation, maintenance and monitoring, building reservoir automatic monitoring system and remote monitoring system, etc. For the engineering measures, the failure mechanism and treatment measures of concrete in the flood discharge tunnel, the monitoring and treatment of landslide in reservoir bank, and the analysis of the influence of sediment deposition in reservoir are studied. The above research results have been implemented in the safe operation and management of Manla Reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV698.1

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