本文關(guān)鍵詞： 白洋淀 水資源 蓄水量 入淀水量 降水 徑流　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：白洋淀是華北平原最大的淡水淺湖型濕地,它不僅是我國重要的淡水產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地,還是大清河河系中重要的蓄水樞紐,承擔(dān)著緩洪、治澇和蓄水灌溉的重要任務(wù),并且對(duì)維持華北平原生態(tài)平衡具有重要意義。白洋淀的生機(jī)源于水,水量是其發(fā)揮作用的關(guān)鍵,然而,近些年來,在氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的雙重影響下,白洋淀水資源量已經(jīng)發(fā)生很大變化。因此本文對(duì)白洋淀水資源量及其引起其變化的原因進(jìn)行了分析,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)主要從白洋淀蓄水量和入淀水量?jī)蓚�(gè)方面對(duì)白洋淀水資源量進(jìn)行了分析,分析結(jié)果表明白洋淀流域水資源量呈明顯的減少趨勢(shì),表現(xiàn)為：20世紀(jì)80年代以后,白洋淀蓄水量較之前明顯減少,且年內(nèi)分配較之前均勻；入淀水量明顯減少,呈豐-平-枯變化規(guī)律,80年代以后為枯水期。(2)運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)白洋淀流域水循環(huán)要素進(jìn)行了分析,分析結(jié)果表明流域內(nèi)降雨特性和產(chǎn)匯流特性已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變,水資源條件惡化,水資源量受人類活動(dòng)影響程度正在增強(qiáng)。年降雨過程分析結(jié)果：年降雨量呈下降趨勢(shì)主要是由年降雨日數(shù)顯著下降引起；各量級(jí)降雨的降雨頻率穩(wěn)定,降雨量百分比呈現(xiàn)出小強(qiáng)度降雨雨量增加,較大強(qiáng)度降雨雨量減少的結(jié)構(gòu)；暴雨持續(xù)最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一般在5-7天左右,暴雨雨量和暴雨強(qiáng)度有較明顯的下降趨勢(shì),降水潛力下降；汛期和非汛期雨量分別呈減少和增加趨勢(shì),其減少和增加幅度分別為12%/10a和22.6%/10a,這樣的雨量分配規(guī)律導(dǎo)致流域降雨年內(nèi)分配不均勻性減小；年降雨量變化主要存在16a顯著變化周期。年徑流過程分析結(jié)果：年徑流量顯著減少；年徑流系數(shù)在80年代發(fā)生突變,較之前減小了27%;年徑流受降雨的影響在減弱,而受其他因素(蒸散發(fā)、人類活動(dòng)等)的影響明顯增強(qiáng),其受降雨和其他因素的平均影響比例分別為50.38%和49.62%。次洪過程分析結(jié)果：次洪徑流受降雨的影響在減弱,次徑流系數(shù)減少；次洪滯時(shí)增長(zhǎng)(在80年代達(dá)到最大值),這主要是由于在人類活動(dòng)影響下流域下墊面因素發(fā)生了變化,導(dǎo)致匯流速度減小,洪水過程變平緩造成的。(3)通過分析水利工程攔蓄和農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)及城鄉(xiāng)生活用水情況,認(rèn)為白洋淀流域水資源量在流域內(nèi)用水量不斷增加的影響下,南水北調(diào)中線工程將使白洋淀水資源緊缺狀況從根本上得到解決。 本文對(duì)白洋淀各水資源及其影響因素進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的、全面的深入分析,認(rèn)為在氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的雙重影響下,導(dǎo)致白洋淀水資源量減少,為白洋淀水資源管理與合理的配置提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater shallow lake wetland in North China Plain. It is not only an important production base of freshwater products in China, but also an important water storage hub in Daqing River system. The important task of waterlogging control and water storage irrigation is of great significance to maintain ecological balance in North China Plain. The vitality of Baiyangdian comes from water, and water is the key to its function. However, in recent years. Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities, the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Lake has changed a lot. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Lake is analyzed from two aspects: Baiyangdian water storage and precipitation. The results show that the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian basin is obviously decreasing, which shows that after 80s of 20 ~ (th) century, the water storage in Baiyangdian Lake is obviously reduced than before, and the distribution of water resources in Baiyangdian basin is more uniform than before. The amount of water in Baiyangdian River Basin is reduced obviously, and the water cycle elements in Baiyangdian River Basin are analyzed by statistical method. The results show that the characteristics of rainfall and runoff in the basin have changed, and the water resources condition has deteriorated. The results of the analysis of annual rainfall process showed that the decreasing trend of annual rainfall was mainly caused by the significant decrease in the number of annual rainfall days. The rainfall frequency of each order of rainfall is stable, the rainfall percentage shows the structure that the rainfall of small intensity increases and the rainfall of larger intensity decreases. The longest duration of the rainstorm is about 5-7 days, the rainstorm rainfall and the rainstorm intensity have obvious decreasing trend, and the precipitation potential is decreased. The rainfall in flood season and non-flood season is decreasing and increasing respectively, and the decrease and increase range are 12 / 10a and 22.6a / 10a, respectively. Such rainfall distribution law results in the decrease of the inhomogeneity of rainfall distribution in the watershed. The annual rainfall change has a significant change period of 16 years. The results of annual runoff process analysis are as follows: the annual runoff decreases significantly; The annual runoff coefficient changed in 80s and decreased by 27%. Annual runoff is weakened by rainfall, but significantly increased by other factors (evapotranspiration, human activities, etc.). The average influence ratio of rainfall and other factors is 50.38% and 49.62.The results of the analysis of flood process are as follows: the secondary runoff is weakened by rainfall and the secondary runoff coefficient is decreased; The increase of secondary flood lag time (reached the maximum value in 80s, which is mainly due to the change of underlying surface factors under the influence of human activities, resulting in a decrease in the velocity of flow convergence. Based on the analysis of water consumption in water conservancy projects such as storage, agriculture, industry and urban and rural areas, it is concluded that the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian Basin is affected by the increasing water consumption in the basin. The water shortage of Baiyangdian Lake will be solved fundamentally in the middle route of South-to-North Water transfer Project. In this paper, the water resources of Baiyangdian and its influencing factors are systematically and thoroughly analyzed, and it is concluded that under the dual influence of climate change and human activities, the amount of water resources in Baiyangdian is reduced. It provides the basis for water resources management and reasonable allocation in Baiyangdian Lake.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.4

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