【摘要】：在整個(gè)煉油化工裝置中,常減壓蒸餾是原油加工的第一道工序,常減壓裝置的安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行直接關(guān)系著整個(gè)煉油廠的生產(chǎn)效益。隨著原油酸值的升高,我國常減壓設(shè)備的腐蝕越來越嚴(yán)重,腐蝕對(duì)設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)行及使用壽命帶來極大的危害,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)腐蝕泄漏,嚴(yán)重威脅著裝置的正常生產(chǎn)。本文針對(duì)目前國內(nèi)原油加工常減壓裝置的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀和存在的突出問題,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外研究工作和生產(chǎn)實(shí)際開展了腐蝕機(jī)理、腐蝕案例分析、高溫緩蝕劑優(yōu)選、工藝防腐及材料防腐等方面的研究工作,為提高我國常減壓蒸餾裝置設(shè)備可靠性提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)方法。本論文的主要研究工作有:(1)通過廣泛查閱、檢索國內(nèi)外常減壓裝置腐蝕與防護(hù)、設(shè)備可靠性、腐蝕監(jiān)測(cè)等相關(guān)資料,深入調(diào)研、分析了我國常減壓裝置的使用情況,找出了常減壓裝置存在的主要問題,為開展常減壓裝置腐蝕與防護(hù)研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)根據(jù)常減壓裝置的工作環(huán)境和工藝流程,分析了常減壓裝置的腐蝕類型,并開展了常減壓低溫輕油部位HCl-H2S-O2-H2O的腐蝕機(jī)理,高溫硫腐蝕機(jī)理、環(huán)烷酸腐蝕機(jī)理及硫和環(huán)烷酸的綜合腐蝕機(jī)理研究。(3)通過常減壓低溫輕油部位和高溫硫和環(huán)烷酸腐蝕機(jī)理研究,結(jié)合常減壓蒸餾裝置設(shè)備腐蝕案例分析,找到了影響常減壓裝置材質(zhì)腐蝕的主要因素和易腐蝕部位。(4)通過對(duì)比,工業(yè)試驗(yàn),優(yōu)選發(fā)現(xiàn)MLH-Ⅱ高溫緩蝕劑對(duì)原油的環(huán)烷酸腐蝕具有良好的抑制性,可以降低餾分油中的酸值,有效減緩常減壓裝置高溫重油部位的腐蝕。(5)針對(duì)常減壓蒸餾裝置,總結(jié)提出了低溫部位選材、高溫硫與環(huán)烷酸腐蝕部位選材原則。通過本文的研究工作可以全面系統(tǒng)地認(rèn)識(shí)到常減壓裝置腐蝕機(jī)理及失效形式,進(jìn)行的案例分析和防護(hù)措施研究,為解決常減壓裝置目前存在的腐蝕問題提供了新的理論和途徑,對(duì)提高常減壓裝置設(shè)備壽命,確保煉化企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn),提高煉化企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In the whole refinery and chemical plant, atmospheric and vacuum distillation is the first process of crude oil processing, and the safe and stable operation of the atmospheric and vacuum unit is directly related to the production efficiency of the whole refinery. With the increase of acid value of crude oil, the corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum equipment in China is becoming more and more serious. Corrosion brings great harm to the safe operation and service life of the equipment, and often occurs corrosion leakage, which seriously threatens the normal production of the equipment. In this paper, in view of the present production and operation situation of crude oil processing atmospheric and vacuum unit and its outstanding problems, combined with domestic and international research work and production practice, the corrosion mechanism, corrosion case analysis and high temperature corrosion inhibitor selection are carried out. The research on process anticorrosion and material anticorrosion provides a theoretical basis and a new empirical method for improving the reliability of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units in China. The main research work of this thesis is as follows: (1) through extensive reference, searching the relevant data of corrosion and protection, equipment reliability, corrosion monitoring and so on at home and abroad, analyzing the usage of atmospheric and vacuum equipment in China. The main problems of atmospheric and vacuum equipment are found out, which lays a foundation for the research on corrosion and protection of atmospheric and vacuum equipment. (2) according to the working environment and technological process of atmospheric and vacuum device, the corrosion type of atmospheric and vacuum device is analyzed. The corrosion mechanism of HCl-H2S-O2-H2O, high temperature sulfur corrosion mechanism, naphthenic acid corrosion mechanism and the comprehensive corrosion mechanism of sulfur and naphthenic acid were studied. (3) the corrosion mechanism of atmospheric and low temperature light oil and high temperature sulfur and naphthenic acid were studied. Combined with the corrosion case analysis of atmospheric and vacuum distillation equipment, the main factors affecting material corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit and the corrosion prone position are found. (4) through comparison, industrial test, It is found that MLH- 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2221982