【摘要】：在天然氣管道泄壓和放空過程中,由于節(jié)流效應(yīng)等原因,天然氣流經(jīng)泄壓管道時(shí)壓力溫度發(fā)生急劇變化,很可能導(dǎo)致水合物的生成。天然氣水合物形成后堵塞安全閥、放空閥、泄壓管線、及各種設(shè)備,導(dǎo)致天然氣集輸管線無法正常泄壓,給天然氣的開采、集輸帶來危害,甚至造成嚴(yán)重的安全事故。本文針對這個(gè)問題,進(jìn)行了大量的文獻(xiàn)檢索和現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,并且進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析研究,最終為水合物的防治提供了理論依據(jù)。本文綜合油氣儲運(yùn)和流體力學(xué)的有關(guān)理論,用模擬分析的方法,以南海樂東油田的天然氣組分為例,選擇了常用的三組水合物抑制劑,在經(jīng)濟(jì)、效率、性質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)行分析,優(yōu)選出最佳抑制劑;同時(shí)還研究了天然氣水合物平衡溫度和壓力的影響因素,從天然氣組分、水中離子含量等方面,研究了烷烴含量、天然氣含水量、酸性氣體、以及水中離子的濃度、礦化度對天然氣水合物生成的影響;通過南海樂東油田海上平臺安全閥的實(shí)例分析,模擬計(jì)算了天然氣泄壓時(shí)泄壓管道的壓力變化情況,并且對天然氣水合物的形成做出了預(yù)測,并提出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法;研究了天然氣泄壓管道,提出了通過調(diào)節(jié)管線尺寸,控制泄壓管線中天然氣的壓力來防治水合物的辦法,并且針對工程實(shí)際,對于不同的天然氣集輸流量,列出了最佳可選用的管道;使用有限元軟件Fluent,對安全閥和節(jié)流閥在不同開度情況下的內(nèi)流場進(jìn)行了模擬計(jì)算,并對閥門內(nèi)流場中幾個(gè)壓力最高或者溫度最低的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)進(jìn)行水合物分析,對閥門內(nèi)水合物的生成做出預(yù)測;在通過注入抑制劑控制水合物方面,本文根據(jù)泄壓管線的特點(diǎn),采用小型節(jié)流閥串聯(lián)的方法來模擬節(jié)流閥或者泄壓管道的節(jié)流效應(yīng),對于天然氣在不同集輸流量下的情況所需要注入的水合物抑制劑最大量做出了預(yù)測,并且擬合為通用的公式;本文同樣提出了通過降壓法或者升溫法來防治泄壓管線產(chǎn)生水合物,并且通過數(shù)據(jù)分析,曲線擬合,公式歸納的方法得出了天然氣集輸臨界壓力和溫度的求解公式,在工程中有一定的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:In the process of releasing and emptying of natural gas pipeline, the pressure temperature changes sharply when the natural gas flows through the pressure relief pipeline due to throttling effect, which may lead to the formation of hydrates. After the formation of natural gas hydrate, the blockage of safety valve, emptying valve, pressure relief pipeline and all kinds of equipment lead to the failure of natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline to release the pressure normally, bring harm to natural gas mining, gathering and transportation, and even cause serious safety accident. In order to solve this problem, a large number of literature searches and field investigations have been carried out, and a systematic analysis has been carried out, which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and cure of hydrate. In this paper, based on the theory of oil and gas storage, transportation and hydrodynamics, with the method of simulation analysis and taking the natural gas components of Ledong Oilfield in the South China Sea as an example, three groups of commonly used hydrate inhibitors are selected and analyzed in the aspects of economy, efficiency, properties and so on. At the same time, the factors affecting the equilibrium temperature and pressure of natural gas hydrate were studied, and the alkane content, natural gas water content and acid gas were studied from the aspects of natural gas composition, water ion content and so on. The influence of ion concentration and salinity on the formation of natural gas hydrate is also discussed. Through the analysis of the safety valve of offshore platform in Ledong Oilfield, South China Sea, the pressure variation of the pressure relief pipeline during the discharge of natural gas pressure is simulated and calculated. The formation of natural gas hydrate is forecasted, and the corresponding solution is put forward, the natural gas pressure relief pipeline is studied, and the method of preventing gas hydrate by adjusting the size of pipeline and controlling the pressure of natural gas in the pressure relief pipeline is put forward. According to the engineering practice, the optimal pipeline is listed for different natural gas gathering and transportation flow, and the internal flow field of safety valve and throttle valve is simulated and calculated by using finite element software Fluent, and the flow field of safety valve and throttle valve under different opening degree is simulated. At the same time, several key points in the valve flow field with the highest pressure or lowest temperature are analyzed, and the formation of hydrates in the valve is predicted. The throttle effect of throttle valve or pressure relief pipeline is simulated by using the method of small throttle valve in series. The maximum amount of hydrate inhibitor needed to be injected into natural gas under different gathering and transmission flow is predicted. This paper also puts forward the method of reducing pressure or heating temperature to prevent the gas hydrate in the pressure relief pipeline, and through the data analysis, the curve fitting, The formula induces the solution formula of the critical pressure and temperature of natural gas gathering and transportation, which has certain practicability in engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE866

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本文編號：2221617