【摘要】：空調通風管道是空調系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,也是空調系統(tǒng)中污染最嚴重和最容易忽視的部位。在適宜的溫濕度條件下,長期運行使用過程中,空氣中的微生物附著灰塵沉積在空調管道及其他部件上大量生長繁殖,產生并釋放過敏物質、毒素等多種代謝產物,加劇了室內空氣的微生物污染。 選取某大型超市,對清洗前后的空調通風系統(tǒng)送風管道的積塵進行采樣分析：積塵量,積塵伴生微生物的濃度,送風中細菌總數(shù)、真菌總數(shù)等指標進行檢測,對清洗效果進行評價。并對積塵伴生微生物的種類進行鑒定,明確春末夏初這段時間積塵伴生微生物的優(yōu)勢菌群。設定不同的溫濕度條件對積塵伴生微生物的生長特性進行測定,以期找到控制微生物生長繁殖的溫濕度條件。 結果表明,清洗后積塵量,積塵中細菌總數(shù)、真菌總數(shù),送風中細菌總數(shù)、真菌總數(shù)大幅度下降,清洗效果顯著,對空調運行和改善室內空氣品質具有明顯作用；積塵伴生微生物中,細菌以革蘭氏陽性菌為主,主要的種類是表皮葡萄球菌、藤黃微球菌、蠟樣芽孢桿菌和大腸桿菌。真菌種類主要有青霉、曲霉,交鏈格孢霉、枝孢霉和毛霉,其優(yōu)勢菌群是斜臥青霉和聚多曲霉。 在15℃-50℃C,相對濕度為30%-90%的范圍內,積塵伴生細菌的最適生長溫度為35℃C-37℃,在相對濕度為30%～90%的范圍內,隨著相對濕度的增加菌落數(shù)增加,尤其是在60%以上；真菌的最適生長溫度為25℃C-30℃,在30%-90%的相對濕度范圍內,隨著相對濕度的增加菌落數(shù)增加,在70%以上增長趨勢更為明顯。 在空調非運行過程中,在45℃-65℃,處理30min,對積塵伴生微生物的滅活作用進行了測定。隨著溫度的升高,菌落數(shù)逐漸減少,直到60℃C-65℃,菌落數(shù)較少,處于緩慢變化狀態(tài)；在相對濕度為60%-10%的范圍內,測定了對積塵伴生微生物的滅活作用,隨著相對濕度的降低,菌落數(shù)逐漸減少,相對濕度到20%時,基本上所有的微生物都被殺死了。對溫濕度條件及處理時間進行進一步的優(yōu)化,得出的最有處理條件是處理40min,溫度65℃,相對濕度為10%,微生物的濃度大幅度下降,但微生物的種類幾乎沒有變化。在空調運行過程中,溫度維持在16℃C-24℃C,相對濕度一般維持在60%-90%范圍內,在此溫濕度范圍內,相對濕度越低,菌落數(shù)越少。
[Abstract]:Air-conditioning ventilation pipe is an important part of air-conditioning system, and it is also the most serious and easily neglected part of air-conditioning system. Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, during long-term operation and use, microorganisms in the air deposit dust on air conditioning pipes and other parts to grow and reproduce in large quantities, producing and releasing allergies, toxins, and other metabolites. Increased indoor air microbial pollution. A large supermarket was selected to sample and analyze the dust accumulation in the air supply pipe of air conditioning and ventilation system before and after cleaning: the amount of dust accumulation, the concentration of microorganism associated with dust accumulation, the total number of bacteria and fungi in the air supply system, and so on. The cleaning effect is evaluated. The species of dust-associated microorganisms were identified, and the dominant flora of dust-associated microorganisms in late spring and early summer was identified. Different temperature and humidity conditions were set to determine the growth characteristics of microorganisms associated with dust accumulation in order to find out the temperature and humidity conditions to control the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The results showed that the amount of dust accumulated after cleaning, the total number of bacteria and fungi in dust, the total number of bacteria in air supply, the total number of fungi decreased greatly, and the cleaning effect was remarkable, which had obvious effect on air conditioning operation and improvement of indoor air quality. Gram-positive bacteria were the main bacteria associated with dust accumulation. The main species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus vines, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. The main fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Mucor. The dominant flora is Penicillium recumbent and Aspergillus polyspp. In the range of 15 鈩，

本文編號：2436723