建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理增值機(jī)理及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 16:14
【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的加快,全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資總額逐年增加,大規(guī)模的項(xiàng)目也越來(lái)越多。這些大型項(xiàng)目具有建設(shè)周期長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)工藝復(fù)雜、參建單位多、組織協(xié)調(diào)難度大等特點(diǎn),并多以群組形態(tài)出現(xiàn)。項(xiàng)目群內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性和多變性增加了三大目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的不確定性,同時(shí)也對(duì)項(xiàng)目管理水平提出了更高的要求,建筑企業(yè)如何對(duì)多個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行有效地管理是一個(gè)亟待解決的重要問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目管理方法通常強(qiáng)調(diào)單個(gè)項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),忽視了對(duì)組織發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)注,難以滿足項(xiàng)目群運(yùn)行的需求,因此對(duì)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理開(kāi)展研究具有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文致力于解決建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理過(guò)程中面臨的突出問(wèn)題,一方面為建筑企業(yè)開(kāi)展項(xiàng)目群管理工作提供一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的行動(dòng)路線圖,幫助其改善運(yùn)行模式,提升組織實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的能力和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,促進(jìn)企業(yè)持續(xù)、快速、健康發(fā)展；另一方面,為項(xiàng)目群管理者提供新的管理思路和科學(xué)的決策方法,幫助其規(guī)范項(xiàng)目群管理行為,提高項(xiàng)目群管理水平,實(shí)現(xiàn)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理由粗放式向精細(xì)化、集約化方向的轉(zhuǎn)變。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和主要成果如下： (1)綜合考慮項(xiàng)目自身的價(jià)值、項(xiàng)目與擬建項(xiàng)目群的匹配程度、項(xiàng)目間的相關(guān)作用等影響因素,設(shè)計(jì)了一套建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群構(gòu)建選擇評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,全面地反映出待選工程項(xiàng)目對(duì)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群的適應(yīng)性及優(yōu)先權(quán)。針對(duì)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群構(gòu)建選擇評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程中存在的模糊性和隨機(jī)性問(wèn)題,將人工智能領(lǐng)域中的云模型引入到建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群構(gòu)建選擇評(píng)價(jià)中,利用云模型的知識(shí)表達(dá)和單規(guī)則不確定性推理來(lái)量化評(píng)價(jià)因素水平,實(shí)現(xiàn)定性概念與定量數(shù)值表示之間的有效轉(zhuǎn)換,評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可以為建筑企業(yè)選擇最合適的多個(gè)項(xiàng)目構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目群提供參考依據(jù)。 (2)基于價(jià)值網(wǎng)的研究視角,構(gòu)建了項(xiàng)目群價(jià)值網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)增值的協(xié)同管理模型,共涵蓋3個(gè)協(xié)同模塊、7項(xiàng)協(xié)同功能和2個(gè)支持平臺(tái),揭示了建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理的增值機(jī)理,設(shè)計(jì)了建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理的增值點(diǎn),并提出了項(xiàng)目群價(jià)值網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)增值的支撐要素,主要包括設(shè)置合理的項(xiàng)目群管理組織結(jié)構(gòu)和建立項(xiàng)目群管理信息共享平臺(tái)。 (3)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群總工期、總成本和整體質(zhì)量的綜合均衡優(yōu)化,在分析工程項(xiàng)目工期與成本、工期與質(zhì)量之間非線性關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,基于多屬性效用理論構(gòu)建了建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群資源優(yōu)化配置模型,明確了模型中的目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件,進(jìn)而將先進(jìn)的仿生優(yōu)化算法——微粒群算法引入建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群資源優(yōu)化配置問(wèn)題中,通過(guò)微粒群在搜索空間飛行速度和位置的調(diào)整更新,迭代尋找問(wèn)題的最優(yōu)解,提高了模型求解的效率和精度。案例分析表明運(yùn)用微粒群算法能夠快速有效地計(jì)算得到項(xiàng)目群中各工程項(xiàng)目分配到的共享資源數(shù)量以及各項(xiàng)工程活動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間。 (4)結(jié)合建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)和分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提出了建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的未確知測(cè)度模型。該模型通過(guò)構(gòu)造未確知測(cè)度函數(shù)建立項(xiàng)目群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的單指標(biāo)測(cè)度矩陣,然后采用專家打分法和變異系數(shù)法相集成的組合賦權(quán)法確定出各項(xiàng)評(píng)估指標(biāo)的權(quán)重系數(shù),進(jìn)而計(jì)算得到項(xiàng)目群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的多指標(biāo)綜合測(cè)度向量,最后依照置信度識(shí)別準(zhǔn)則評(píng)判項(xiàng)目群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),并采用雷達(dá)圖清晰、直觀的顯示風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果。研究成果可以為建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)策略與控制措施的制定提供參考依據(jù)。 (5)借鑒平衡記分卡的基本思想,從財(cái)務(wù)、顧客、內(nèi)部運(yùn)作流程、學(xué)習(xí)與創(chuàng)新、社會(huì)責(zé)任五個(gè)維度構(gòu)建了建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理績(jī)效考核指標(biāo)體系,共設(shè)計(jì)了12個(gè)績(jī)效考核指標(biāo)。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的TOPSIS模型存在著評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象可能距離正理想解近同時(shí)距離負(fù)理想解也近的問(wèn)題,提出了一種改進(jìn)的TOPSIS方法,采用評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象與正理想解之間的垂面距離代替歐氏距離,作為建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理績(jī)效優(yōu)劣排序的依據(jù),客觀地衡量和比較建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理的實(shí)施效果。研究成果為建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理的績(jī)效考核提供了一種新的思路和方法。 (6)從成熟度等級(jí)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域兩個(gè)維度構(gòu)建了適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理成熟度模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于可拓理論的建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理成熟度評(píng)價(jià)方法,通過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)函數(shù)設(shè)定和物元變換,計(jì)算各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)相對(duì)于評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)的關(guān)聯(lián)度,并引入序關(guān)系分析法確定各項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重系數(shù),進(jìn)而綜合測(cè)度和比較建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理的成熟度水平。研究成果為建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目群管理能力的改進(jìn)和提升提供了指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society is increasing year by year, and more and more large-scale projects have become more and more. These large projects have a long period of construction, complex technology and technology, many construction units, difficult organization coordination and other special points, and many groups are formed in group form. Internal structure of the project group. Complexity and variability have increased the uncertainty of the realization of three major goals, and also put forward higher requirements for the level of project management. How to manage multiple related projects effectively is an important problem to be solved urgently. The traditional project management method usually emphasizes the realization of a single project goal and neglects it. It is difficult to meet the needs of the operation of the project group, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the research on the management of the construction project group.
This article is devoted to solving the outstanding problems in the process of construction project group management. On the one hand, it provides a practical road map for the construction enterprises to carry out project group management, helps them improve the operation mode, improves the ability and market competitiveness of the organization to achieve the strategic objectives, and promotes the continuous, rapid and healthy development of the enterprise. On the other hand, it provides new management ideas and scientific decision-making methods for project group managers, helps them standardize the management behavior of project groups, improves the management level of project groups, and realizes the transformation of construction project group management from extensive to refined and intensive direction. The contents and main achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) considering the value of the project itself, the matching degree of the project and the proposed project group and the related factors of the project, a set of selection evaluation index system for construction project group is designed, which comprehensively reflects the adaptability and priority of the project to the construction project group. The problem of fuzziness and randomness in the process of selection evaluation is built, and the cloud model in the field of artificial intelligence is introduced to the construction project group construction selection evaluation. The knowledge expression of the cloud model and the single rule uncertainty reasoning are used to quantify the evaluation factor level, so as to realize the effective transformation between the qualitative concept and the quantitative numerical representation. The evaluation results can provide reference for building enterprises to choose the most suitable multiple projects to build project groups.
(2) based on the research perspective of value network, a value-added collaborative management model of project group value network is constructed. It covers 3 cooperative modules, 7 synergy functions and 2 support platforms. It reveals the value-added mechanism of the construction project group management, designs the value-added point of construction project group management, and puts forward the increase of the project group value network. The supporting elements of value include setting up reasonable project management organization structure and establishing project management information sharing platform.
(3) in order to realize the overall balance and optimization of total cost and overall quality of the construction project group, based on the analysis of the nonlinear relationship between the project time and cost, the time period and the quality, the optimization allocation model of the construction project group is constructed based on the multi attribute utility theory, and the objective function and the contract in the model are clarified. With the introduction of the advanced bionic optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced into the optimization allocation problem of the construction project group, the optimal solution of the problem is searched through the particle swarm optimization in the flight speed and position of the search space, and the efficiency and accuracy of the model are improved. The case analysis shows that the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used. It can quickly and effectively calculate the number of shared resources allocated to each project in the project group and the duration of each project activity.
(4) unascertained measure model of construction project group risk is put forward based on the risk assessment index and classification standard of construction project group. By constructing unascertained measure function, the single index measure matrix of project group risk is established, and then the combined weighting method of expert scoring method and variation coefficient method is used to determine the result. The weight coefficient of each evaluation index is obtained, and then the multi index comprehensive measure vector of project group risk is calculated. Finally, the risk grade of the project group is judged according to the confidence recognition criterion, and the radar chart is used to clearly display the results of risk assessment. The research results can be used for the system of risk coping strategies and control measures of the construction project group. The reference is provided.
(5) drawing on the basic ideas of the balanced scorecard, from the financial, customer, internal operation process, learning and innovation, and social responsibility, the construction project group management performance evaluation index system is constructed, and 12 performance evaluation indexes are designed. In view of the traditional TOPSIS model, the evaluation object may be close to the ideal solution at the same time distance. In addition to the problem of negative ideal solution, an improved TOPSIS method is proposed, which uses the vertical plane distance between the evaluation object and the rational thought to replace the Euclidean distance. As the basis of the management performance of the construction project group, the effect of the construction project group management is objectively measured and compared. The research results are the construction project. The performance appraisal of group management provides a new way of thinking and method.
(6) from two dimensions of maturity level and key domain, the management maturity model of construction project group suitable for China is constructed. On this basis, the evaluation method of management maturity of construction project group based on extension theory is proposed, and each index is calculated relative to evaluation grade by correlation function setting and matter element transformation. The correlation degree is used to determine the weight coefficient of each evaluation index by the order relation analysis method, and then the maturity level of the construction project group management is synthetically measured and compared. The research results provide guidance for the improvement and promotion of the management ability of the construction project group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU71
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society is increasing year by year, and more and more large-scale projects have become more and more. These large projects have a long period of construction, complex technology and technology, many construction units, difficult organization coordination and other special points, and many groups are formed in group form. Internal structure of the project group. Complexity and variability have increased the uncertainty of the realization of three major goals, and also put forward higher requirements for the level of project management. How to manage multiple related projects effectively is an important problem to be solved urgently. The traditional project management method usually emphasizes the realization of a single project goal and neglects it. It is difficult to meet the needs of the operation of the project group, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the research on the management of the construction project group.
This article is devoted to solving the outstanding problems in the process of construction project group management. On the one hand, it provides a practical road map for the construction enterprises to carry out project group management, helps them improve the operation mode, improves the ability and market competitiveness of the organization to achieve the strategic objectives, and promotes the continuous, rapid and healthy development of the enterprise. On the other hand, it provides new management ideas and scientific decision-making methods for project group managers, helps them standardize the management behavior of project groups, improves the management level of project groups, and realizes the transformation of construction project group management from extensive to refined and intensive direction. The contents and main achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) considering the value of the project itself, the matching degree of the project and the proposed project group and the related factors of the project, a set of selection evaluation index system for construction project group is designed, which comprehensively reflects the adaptability and priority of the project to the construction project group. The problem of fuzziness and randomness in the process of selection evaluation is built, and the cloud model in the field of artificial intelligence is introduced to the construction project group construction selection evaluation. The knowledge expression of the cloud model and the single rule uncertainty reasoning are used to quantify the evaluation factor level, so as to realize the effective transformation between the qualitative concept and the quantitative numerical representation. The evaluation results can provide reference for building enterprises to choose the most suitable multiple projects to build project groups.
(2) based on the research perspective of value network, a value-added collaborative management model of project group value network is constructed. It covers 3 cooperative modules, 7 synergy functions and 2 support platforms. It reveals the value-added mechanism of the construction project group management, designs the value-added point of construction project group management, and puts forward the increase of the project group value network. The supporting elements of value include setting up reasonable project management organization structure and establishing project management information sharing platform.
(3) in order to realize the overall balance and optimization of total cost and overall quality of the construction project group, based on the analysis of the nonlinear relationship between the project time and cost, the time period and the quality, the optimization allocation model of the construction project group is constructed based on the multi attribute utility theory, and the objective function and the contract in the model are clarified. With the introduction of the advanced bionic optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced into the optimization allocation problem of the construction project group, the optimal solution of the problem is searched through the particle swarm optimization in the flight speed and position of the search space, and the efficiency and accuracy of the model are improved. The case analysis shows that the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used. It can quickly and effectively calculate the number of shared resources allocated to each project in the project group and the duration of each project activity.
(4) unascertained measure model of construction project group risk is put forward based on the risk assessment index and classification standard of construction project group. By constructing unascertained measure function, the single index measure matrix of project group risk is established, and then the combined weighting method of expert scoring method and variation coefficient method is used to determine the result. The weight coefficient of each evaluation index is obtained, and then the multi index comprehensive measure vector of project group risk is calculated. Finally, the risk grade of the project group is judged according to the confidence recognition criterion, and the radar chart is used to clearly display the results of risk assessment. The research results can be used for the system of risk coping strategies and control measures of the construction project group. The reference is provided.
(5) drawing on the basic ideas of the balanced scorecard, from the financial, customer, internal operation process, learning and innovation, and social responsibility, the construction project group management performance evaluation index system is constructed, and 12 performance evaluation indexes are designed. In view of the traditional TOPSIS model, the evaluation object may be close to the ideal solution at the same time distance. In addition to the problem of negative ideal solution, an improved TOPSIS method is proposed, which uses the vertical plane distance between the evaluation object and the rational thought to replace the Euclidean distance. As the basis of the management performance of the construction project group, the effect of the construction project group management is objectively measured and compared. The research results are the construction project. The performance appraisal of group management provides a new way of thinking and method.
(6) from two dimensions of maturity level and key domain, the management maturity model of construction project group suitable for China is constructed. On this basis, the evaluation method of management maturity of construction project group based on extension theory is proposed, and each index is calculated relative to evaluation grade by correlation function setting and matter element transformation. The correlation degree is used to determine the weight coefficient of each evaluation index by the order relation analysis method, and then the maturity level of the construction project group management is synthetically measured and compared. The research results provide guidance for the improvement and promotion of the management ability of the construction project group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU71
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