基于生態(tài)足跡理論的長株潭城市群核心區(qū)生態(tài)安全研究
本文選題:生態(tài)足跡 + 能源生態(tài)足跡 ; 參考:《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:快速的城鎮(zhèn)化引起原本的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)逐漸被人工環(huán)境所替代,區(qū)域生態(tài)安全要求在城鎮(zhèn)化過程中,確保生態(tài)環(huán)境不受威脅的基礎(chǔ)上,生態(tài)資源能夠?yàn)閰^(qū)域資源利用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供生態(tài)保障。城市群作為中國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的主體形態(tài),其生態(tài)環(huán)境的質(zhì)量將直接影響區(qū)域與國家的生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。生態(tài)足跡模型是由學(xué)者William和Wackernagel于20世紀(jì)90年代提出的基于生物物理量的、可用于評(píng)價(jià)可持續(xù)發(fā)展程度的研究方法。該模型不僅考慮了生命支持系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)與生物多樣性保護(hù)等方面,同時(shí)還考慮了凈化能力和自然資源的再生與替代能力,具有直觀且具有區(qū)域可比性,因此,是實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)安全度量的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文以長株潭城市群核心區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,以長株潭地區(qū)的各項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和遙感數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)來源,提取長株潭城市群核心區(qū)2000-2009年的土地利用數(shù)據(jù)和邊界矢量數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用生態(tài)足跡模型和GIS、RS空間技術(shù)分別測(cè)算了長株潭城市群核心區(qū)從2000年到2009年區(qū)域生態(tài)足跡、能源生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)足跡壓力指數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)性變化,探討城市群形態(tài)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)占用、能源生態(tài)占用、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)的影響機(jī)制,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,將生態(tài)足跡的理念應(yīng)用于城市群區(qū)域生態(tài)規(guī)劃中,為我國城市群可持續(xù)發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域生態(tài)平衡提供研究途徑和規(guī)劃策略。 首先,本文通過運(yùn)用GIS和RS技術(shù)的時(shí)空分析功能,對(duì)長株潭城市群的土地利用特點(diǎn)、用地結(jié)構(gòu)及空間分析、數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性協(xié)調(diào)與土地利用效率等方面對(duì)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)土地利用現(xiàn)狀和用地特征進(jìn)行分析。 其次,通過生態(tài)足跡模型對(duì)2000-2009年間研究區(qū)的生態(tài)足跡、能源生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)的變化和生態(tài)安全情況進(jìn)行測(cè)度分析,以分析研究十年間城市群區(qū)域的生態(tài)安全狀況。 接著,選取與生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)安全有關(guān)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平指標(biāo)與城市群形態(tài)指標(biāo),分析其影響長株潭城市群生態(tài)足跡、能源生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素,探討城市群形態(tài)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)與生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)能源足跡、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,多方面考慮影響區(qū)域生態(tài)安全的因素,以期對(duì)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)生態(tài)安全驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制做出合理的分析。 最后,將生態(tài)足跡理念運(yùn)用于城市群區(qū)域生態(tài)規(guī)劃中,提出將生態(tài)足跡運(yùn)用于改善生態(tài)安全狀況、提高生態(tài)安全等級(jí)的規(guī)劃過程,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)城市群區(qū)域生態(tài)安全可持續(xù)性評(píng)價(jià)方法的優(yōu)化和發(fā)展。 以下是本文的基本結(jié)論: (1)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)建設(shè)用地與農(nóng)用地之間演替迅速,區(qū)域內(nèi)土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)演替速度加快。長株潭城市群核心區(qū)三大城市2004-2006年間的城市用地?cái)U(kuò)展系數(shù)均在臨界值1.12之內(nèi),三個(gè)城市土地?cái)U(kuò)展基本處于集聚緊湊發(fā)展的狀態(tài)。土地利用效率總體水平較低,內(nèi)部潛力大;區(qū)域間土地集約利用發(fā)展水平存在不均衡性;土地利用經(jīng)濟(jì)效率不高成為制約長株潭城市群土地集約利用的突出因素。 (2)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)土地綜合承載力呈現(xiàn)出較為明顯的空間差異性,區(qū)域綜合土地承載力評(píng)分為0.6661,其中湘潭土地綜合承載力最高為0.7499,最低的是株洲為0.5819,級(jí)差為0.1681。在土地綜合承載力模型的四個(gè)子系統(tǒng)(經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)、社會(huì)人文系統(tǒng)、水土資源系統(tǒng)、生態(tài)環(huán)境效率)中,長株潭城市群的生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的波動(dòng)性較大,水土資源保護(hù)和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)成效對(duì)于長株潭城市群土地綜合承載力的動(dòng)態(tài)性變化具有決定性的影響效應(yīng),而城市群區(qū)域城市間土地利用的外部經(jīng)濟(jì)性和社會(huì)人文建設(shè)效率差異都較大。 (3)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)2000-2009年間人均生態(tài)足跡和能源生態(tài)足跡均呈增長趨勢(shì),2000年生態(tài)足跡為1.4426hm2/人,而2009年則達(dá)到了1.7773hm2/人,增長了1.23倍,生態(tài)足跡增長迅速。從2006年開始生態(tài)足跡、能源生態(tài)足跡的增速減緩,人類生產(chǎn)生活對(duì)于生態(tài)資源的占用正處于增速減緩的趨勢(shì)當(dāng)中。然而,長株潭城市群核心區(qū)2000-2009年十年來的生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)增長率為4.7%,增幅較大,近年來區(qū)域生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)增速減緩,但生態(tài)安全指數(shù)較大,區(qū)域生態(tài)安全狀況依然較為嚴(yán)峻。 (4)長株潭城市群核心區(qū)生態(tài)足跡與人口密度、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)間具有極顯著的正相關(guān)性,其中人口密度與能源生態(tài)足跡的相關(guān)性達(dá)到0.873,顯著性為0.002,人口密度和伸延率也顯著相關(guān),相關(guān)性為0.675,,形狀率和緊湊度與生態(tài)足跡相關(guān)性不顯著但成負(fù)相關(guān);伸延率與生態(tài)足跡之間表現(xiàn)出顯著的正相關(guān)性,在選取的測(cè)度指標(biāo)中與生態(tài)足跡的相關(guān)性最大,為0.841;緊湊度和形狀率與人口密度、各社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)之間不存在顯著的相關(guān)性。這表明城市群空間形態(tài)不夠緊湊,或者簡(jiǎn)單的提高城市密度和人口密度會(huì)引起生態(tài)占用的增加,城市群空間形態(tài)適度的緊湊發(fā)展模式才能實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。 (5)生態(tài)足跡模型是當(dāng)前測(cè)量和比較區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)的、直觀且綜合的指標(biāo)。本文將生態(tài)足跡分析運(yùn)用到城市群生態(tài)規(guī)劃當(dāng)中,設(shè)計(jì)了從城市群生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀分析,確定城市群生態(tài)足跡目標(biāo)到區(qū)域各類型用地控制和構(gòu)建城市群生態(tài)安全保障的城市群生態(tài)規(guī)劃過程,并提出了長株潭城市群提高生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展政策和策略。
[Abstract]:The ecological footprint model is the main form of the development of urbanization in China . The ecological footprint model is based on the statistical data and remote sensing data in Changsha .
First , through the use of space - time analysis function of GIS and RS technology , this paper analyzes the land use situation and land use characteristics of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group in the aspects of land use characteristics , land structure and spatial analysis , quantity structure diversity coordination and land use efficiency .
Secondly , through the ecological footprint model , the ecological footprint , energy ecological footprint and ecological pressure index of the research area in 2000 - 2009 were measured and analyzed to analyze the ecological security situation of the urban agglomerations in the past ten years .
Then , the main driving factors of the ecological footprint , energy ecological footprint and ecological pressure index of the urban agglomerations were analyzed . The relationship between the urban cluster configuration , the social economic index and the ecological footprint , the ecological energy footprint and the ecological pressure index were discussed .
Finally , the ecological footprint concept is applied to the regional ecological planning of the urban agglomerations , and the ecological footprint is applied to improve the ecological security situation and improve the planning process of the ecological security level , so as to realize the optimization and development of the evaluation method of the ecological safety sustainability of the urban agglomerations .
The following is the basic conclusion of this article :
( 1 ) There is a rapid succession between the construction land and the agricultural land in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group . The land use structure succession in the region is accelerated . The urban land expansion coefficient between the three major cities in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group is within the critical value of 1.12 , and the three urban land expansion is basically in the state of compact development . The overall level of land use efficiency is low and the internal potential is large ;
There is an imbalance in the development level of regional land intensive utilization ;
Land - use economic efficiency is not high , it is a prominent factor that restricts the intensive utilization of the long - Zhuzhou - Tan urban group .
( 2 ) In the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group , the comprehensive bearing capacity of the urban agglomerations is 0.6661 , with the highest comprehensive bearing capacity of 0.7499 , the lowest is 0.5819 , and the level difference is 0.1681 . In the four sub - systems ( economic system , social humanities system , water and soil resource system , ecological environment efficiency ) of the comprehensive bearing capacity model of the land , the ecological environment system and the economic system have a decisive effect on the dynamic change of the comprehensive bearing capacity of the long - Zhuzhou - Tan city group .
( 3 ) The ecological footprint and energy ecological footprint per capita in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group increased by 1.4426hm2 per person in 2000 - 2009 and 1.7773 hm2 per person in 2000 , and the ecological footprint increased rapidly .
( 4 ) There was a significant positive correlation between the ecological footprint and population density and socio - economic indicators in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group , among which the correlation between population density and energy ecological footprint was 0.873 , the significance was 0.002 , the population density and extension rate were significantly correlated , the correlation was 0.675 , the shape rate and compactness were not significantly correlated with the ecological footprint ;
There is a significant positive correlation between the extension rate and the ecological footprint , and the correlation between the selected measure index and the ecological footprint is the largest , which is 0.841 ;
There is no significant correlation between the compactness and the shape rate and the population density , and there is no significant correlation between the social and economic indexes . This indicates that the spatial shape of the urban group is not compact enough , or the simple improvement of the urban density and population density can lead to the increase of ecological occupation , and the compact development mode of the urban cluster space form can realize the sustainable development of the region .
( 5 ) The ecological footprint model is an intuitive and comprehensive index of the sustainable development status of the current measurement and comparison region . In this paper , the ecological footprint analysis is applied to the urban group ecological planning , and the ecological planning process of the urban group is designed based on the analysis of the ecological status of the urban agglomerations .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:TU984.115;X321
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