本文選題：結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測　切入點：損傷識別　出處：《大連理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)安全關系到人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全,為早期發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)損傷或退化,最大化結(jié)構(gòu)使用周期并減小壽命周期成本,確保結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性和可靠性,在結(jié)構(gòu)服役期間進行在線結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測是必要的,而結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識別算法是結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的核心所在。近三十年來,大量的損傷識別算法不斷涌現(xiàn),但由于實際工程的復雜性,使得其在工程應用中受到極大的限制。近年來,考慮環(huán)境因素和運行狀態(tài)的識別算法,成為結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測領域的研究熱點。將環(huán)境因素和運行條件考慮到損傷識別方法中,使得損傷識別算法向工程應用領域邁進了一大步,本文針對結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識別問題做了以下幾方面工作： (1)闡述了結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測技術在土木工程領域發(fā)展的重要地位,綜述了結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測領域中常見的損傷識別方法,詳細分析了基于振動的損傷識別方法的優(yōu)缺點。針對各種環(huán)境因素和結(jié)構(gòu)運行狀態(tài),總結(jié)了其對結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)不利的影響,進而對近年來形成的兩種主要考慮環(huán)境因素和運行狀態(tài)的損傷識別方法做一綜述。 (2)應用單元模態(tài)應變能法于輸電鐵塔損傷識別中,單元模態(tài)應變能利用結(jié)構(gòu)振型計算,而結(jié)構(gòu)振型是受環(huán)境因素和運行狀態(tài)影響相對較小的一種結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。詳細地推導了單元模態(tài)應變能法,并在輸電塔截斷模型的有限元模型和試驗模型中對該方法進行了測試。 (3)將盲源分離算法首次應用于考慮環(huán)境因素的損傷識別算法中,詳細地介紹了盲源分離模型和典型算法(AMUSE法和FastICA法)。應用盲源分離方法對識別地結(jié)構(gòu)的頻率進行信號源分離,認為改變結(jié)構(gòu)頻率有環(huán)境源和損傷源,通過分離,可以去除環(huán)境源對頻率信號的改變,進而能夠突出結(jié)構(gòu)損傷對頻率的改變,使得結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識別效率大大提高,從而減少誤判和漏判。 (4)提出了一種基于協(xié)整的考慮環(huán)境和運行變量的損傷識別方法。將結(jié)構(gòu)鄰近位移序列應用于協(xié)整中,提出協(xié)整對法去定位損傷,產(chǎn)生的殘差序列用于損傷預警,當該殘差超過了控制線,表示結(jié)構(gòu)可能有損傷發(fā)生,通過各協(xié)整對余量跳躍的幅值和方向可以判斷損傷發(fā)生的位置,模擬中該方法在環(huán)境因素影響下取得了良好的識別結(jié)果。當考慮非線性環(huán)境因素時,殘差表現(xiàn)出非穩(wěn)態(tài)特性,可進一步通過自相關過濾算法加以改善。
[Abstract]:The safety of civil engineering structures is related to the safety of people's lives and property. In order to detect the damage or degradation of structures early, maximize the life cycle of structures and reduce the cost of life cycle, the safety and reliability of structures can be ensured. It is necessary to carry out on-line structural health monitoring during the period of structural service, and structural damage identification algorithm is the core of structural health monitoring. In the past 30 years, a large number of damage identification algorithms have been emerging, but due to the complexity of practical engineering, many damage detection algorithms have been developed. In recent years, the recognition algorithm considering environmental factors and running state has become a research hotspot in the field of structural health monitoring. Environmental factors and operation conditions are taken into account in damage identification methods. The damage detection algorithm is a big step forward to the engineering application field. In this paper, the following work has been done on the structural damage identification problem:. This paper expounds the important position of structural health monitoring technology in the field of civil engineering, and summarizes the common damage identification methods in the field of structural health monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages of damage identification method based on vibration are analyzed in detail. Then two damage identification methods which mainly consider environmental factors and operating state are reviewed. (2) the element modal strain energy method is applied to the damage identification of transmission tower, and the element modal strain energy is used to calculate the mode of the structure. The modal shape of the structure is a kind of structural parameter which is less affected by the environmental factors and the running state. The element mode strain energy method is derived in detail and tested in the finite element model and the experimental model of the truncation model of transmission tower. (3) Blind source separation algorithm is first applied to damage identification algorithm considering environmental factors. The blind source separation model and typical algorithms, such as AMUSE method and FastICA method, are introduced in detail. The blind source separation method is used to separate the frequency of the identified ground structure. It is considered that changing the frequency of the structure has environmental source and damage source. By separating, the change of frequency signal caused by environmental source can be removed, and then the change of frequency of structural damage can be highlighted, and the efficiency of structural damage identification can be greatly improved. So as to reduce miscarriage of justice and omission. In this paper, a method of damage identification based on cointegration considering environment and running variables is proposed. The adjacent displacement sequence of structure is applied to cointegration, and the method of co-integration pair is proposed to locate the damage. The residual sequence is used for early warning of damage. When the residual error exceeds the control line, it indicates that damage may occur in the structure, and the location of the damage can be determined by the amplitude and direction of each cointegration pair margin jump. Under the influence of environmental factors, the method achieves good recognition results. When nonlinear environmental factors are considered, the residuals show unsteady-state characteristics, which can be further improved by autocorrelation filtering algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU317

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