本文選題：事故規(guī)律　切入點(diǎn)：事故致因　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑施工現(xiàn)場是各類型安全事故發(fā)生的根源地，采用何種方法對事故發(fā)生的原因進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確分析及安全評價，如何減少和降低各類型安全事故的發(fā)生是政府、企業(yè)、學(xué)界研究的焦點(diǎn)問題�；谖ｋU源安全管理和事故致因理論對安全事故展開研究，統(tǒng)計(jì)2010-2012年住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部事故快報(bào)，對安全事故的發(fā)生類型、時間分布進(jìn)行歸納分析，從而得出安全事故的類型、時間分布規(guī)律。對典型事故：高處墜落事故、坍塌事故、物體打擊事故、起重傷害事故時間分布特征進(jìn)行分析，為有效降低事故的發(fā)生采取預(yù)防和控制措施提供可靠的參考。 高處墜落事故中，以腳手架墜落，臨邊洞口墜落和懸空高處墜落為主要類型，坍塌事故中，由于腳手架支撐不穩(wěn)定導(dǎo)致坍塌事故起數(shù)占總事故起數(shù)的22%以上。對典型腳手架事故案例進(jìn)行分類匯總和事故致因分析，結(jié)合現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)測分析導(dǎo)致腳手架事故的可能致因，進(jìn)行腳手架事故致因的識別和分級描述，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)腳手架事故致因的詳細(xì)分析。 對腳手架事故模式進(jìn)行研究，將腳手架安全事故主要分為兩類：高處墜落事故、傾覆和坍塌事故。對腳手架安全事故運(yùn)用事故樹法進(jìn)行定性、定量分析和評價，得出導(dǎo)致腳手架事故的可能途徑，從而得出各基本事件發(fā)生概率的大小。針對可能出現(xiàn)的腳手架安全事故故障模式以關(guān)聯(lián)度大小進(jìn)行排序，從而找出腳手架施工過程安全可靠性的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，進(jìn)而采取及時有效的措施進(jìn)行安全管控。 如何對施工過程中腳手架整體狀態(tài)安全性進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的評價：綜合考慮腳手架施工過程中架體各組件安全狀態(tài)和各外部事件發(fā)生頻率的定量表達(dá)，建立安全影響因素與腳手架整體安全狀態(tài)的模糊轉(zhuǎn)化和綜合關(guān)系，得到腳手架整體安全狀態(tài)評估集，，與典型的模糊評價子集進(jìn)行模糊模式識別，進(jìn)而判斷腳手架安全狀態(tài)。 結(jié)合腳手架實(shí)際案例，通過觀察腳手架組件狀態(tài)和外部事件的安全程度，采用模糊運(yùn)算得到安全評估集，與典型模糊評價子集的識別判斷出腳手架的整體安全狀態(tài)為很差，應(yīng)及時采取有效措施進(jìn)行管控。
[Abstract]:Construction site is the root of all kinds of safety accidents. How to analyze and evaluate the causes of accidents accurately and how to reduce and reduce the occurrence of various types of safety accidents are the government and enterprises. The focus of academic research. Based on the safety management of hazard sources and accident cause theory to carry out research on safety accidents, statistics 2010-2012 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction accident KuaiBao, the occurrence type of safety accidents, time distribution are summarized and analyzed. Thus, the types and time distribution of safety accidents are obtained. The time distribution characteristics of typical accidents, such as falling from high places, collapsing accidents, object striking accidents and lifting injury accidents, are analyzed. To effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents to take preventive and control measures to provide a reliable reference. In high fall accidents, scaffolding falls, edge hole falls and suspended height falls are the main types, and in collapse accidents, Because of the instability of scaffolding support, the number of collapse accidents accounts for more than 22% of the total number of accidents. The typical scaffolding accident cases are classified and summarized, and the causes of the accidents are analyzed. Combined with field investigation and data measurement, the possible cause of scaffold accident is analyzed, and the identification and classification description of scaffold accident cause are carried out, so as to realize the detailed analysis of scaffold accident cause. The safety accidents of scaffold are divided into two types: fall accident, capsize accident and collapse accident. The accident tree method is used to analyze, analyze and evaluate the scaffold safety accident. The possible ways to cause scaffolding accidents are obtained, and the probability of occurrence of each basic event is obtained. In order to find out the weak links of the safety and reliability of scaffolding construction process, and then take timely and effective measures to carry out safety control. How to accurately evaluate the safety of scaffolding during construction: considering the quantitative expression of the safety state of each component and the frequency of external events during the construction of scaffolding. The fuzzy transformation and synthesis relationship between the safety factors and the overall safety state of the scaffold were established, and the evaluation set of the overall safety state of the scaffold was obtained, and the fuzzy pattern recognition was carried out with the typical fuzzy evaluation subset, and then the safety state of the scaffold was judged. Combined with the actual case of scaffolding, by observing the security degree of scaffold component state and external events, the safety assessment set is obtained by fuzzy operation, and the recognition of typical fuzzy evaluation subset shows that the overall safety state of scaffold is very poor. Timely and effective measures should be taken for control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU731.2;TU714

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