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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 空間格局 探索性空間數(shù)據(jù)分析 城市擴展 時空變化 新疆　出處：《新疆師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市化是衡量一個區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況的重要指標之一，它是伴隨著現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展和分工細化而產(chǎn)生的人口向城鎮(zhèn)集中的過程。在回顧建國以來新疆城市化發(fā)展歷程的基礎(chǔ)上，從新疆城市化發(fā)展的區(qū)域特點、城市時空分布的動態(tài)變化特征、規(guī)律及未來發(fā)展趨勢等方面進行分析。借助ESDA技術(shù)從空間相關(guān)的視角客觀分析新疆各縣域城市化發(fā)展水平空間差異，全面揭示新疆城市化的空間過程、分布形態(tài)和演變規(guī)律。利用不同時相的遙感數(shù)據(jù)，提取城市空間信息，研究新疆各城市的用地空間擴張、演變過程。為綠洲城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學依據(jù)，為構(gòu)建有序的區(qū)域空間結(jié)構(gòu)、協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域城市化發(fā)展提供決策依據(jù)。 利用統(tǒng)計分析方法和ESDA方法，在ArcGIS和GeoDA等技術(shù)軟件的支持下，對1978—2009年新疆縣域城市化格局時空演變進行了分析，得到結(jié)論如下：（1）新疆區(qū)域間城市化發(fā)展水平不平衡，呈現(xiàn)“北高南低、東疆居中”的格局。從區(qū)域城市化水平相對差距來看，北疆、東疆均經(jīng)歷了先波動下降再波動上升的過程，南疆除了1990年和2005出現(xiàn)較明顯峰值外，總體變化幅度不大。從絕對差異看，區(qū)域城市化水平差異均呈現(xiàn)逐年遞減的態(tài)勢，說明各區(qū)域的城市化水平的絕對差距呈縮小的趨勢，各城市保持較好的發(fā)展勢頭。（2）由計算結(jié)果的分析可知，縣域城市化水平的空間自相關(guān)測度Morans′I由1978年的0.2065上升至2009年的0.4414，表明城市化水平格局的空間集聚性在不斷增強，在空間上具有高值簇和低值簇的現(xiàn)象，城市化空間分異的結(jié)構(gòu)化特征明顯。從局域自相關(guān)分析可以看出，區(qū)域間具有較明顯的兩極分化趨勢，其城市化空間上表現(xiàn)出明顯的內(nèi)、外差異性。揭示出新疆城市化水平在空間分布上的不均衡性，體現(xiàn)了北疆高，南疆低的基本格局。 在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以新疆16座具有代表性的城市為研究對象，運用多時相衛(wèi)星遙感資料，并結(jié)合城市擴展強度、擴展速率以及城市空間形態(tài)緊湊度和分形維數(shù)等指標評價方法，分析1990-2010年以來新疆城市擴展時空動態(tài)變化的過程和特征。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)新疆城市的空間分布由其獨特的自然環(huán)境和綠洲經(jīng)濟所決定，許多城市的發(fā)展依托于綠洲，，城鎮(zhèn)的形成具有“親水性”的特點，由于新疆地域遼闊，交通干線附近往往形成城鎮(zhèn)相對集中的城市帶或城市群。（2）南北疆城市之間在擴展速度及強度上存在較明顯的差異，位于北疆天山北坡經(jīng)濟帶上的城市大多屬于擴展速度相對較快、擴展強度相對較大的擴張類型，而南疆城市的擴展速度則相對較慢、擴展強度也相對較小。（3）通過對城市緊湊度和分維數(shù)變化的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，新疆城市平均緊湊度呈下降趨勢，而分形維數(shù)呈增長的趨勢，說明整體上新疆城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)有趨于松散化的趨勢，城市的空間結(jié)構(gòu)不夠合理，有待改善。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is one of the important indicators to measure the economic development of a region. It is a process of population concentration in cities and towns resulting from the development of modernization and division of labor. On the basis of reviewing the development of urbanization in Xinjiang since the founding of the people's Republic of China, From the regional characteristics of urbanization development in Xinjiang, the dynamic changes of urban spatial and temporal distribution, In order to reveal the spatial process of urbanization in Xinjiang, the spatial differences of urbanization level in different counties in Xinjiang are analyzed objectively by using ESDA technology from the perspective of spatial correlation. Using remote sensing data of different phases to extract urban spatial information, to study the spatial expansion and evolution process of cities in Xinjiang, to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of oasis cities. It provides the decision basis for constructing orderly regional spatial structure and coordinating the development of regional urbanization. By using statistical analysis method and ESDA method, with the support of technical software such as ArcGIS and GeoDA, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of urbanization pattern in Xinjiang from 1978 to 2009. The conclusion is as follows: 1) Water balance of urbanization development among regions in Xinjiang. The pattern of "north high and south low, east Xinjiang middle". From the relative disparity of regional urbanization level, north Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang all experienced the process of first fluctuation and then rising, except 1990 and 2005, there were obvious peaks in southern Xinjiang. From the perspective of absolute difference, the difference of regional urbanization level is decreasing year by year, which indicates that the absolute disparity of urbanization level of each region is decreasing. Based on the analysis of the calculated results, the spatial autocorrelation measure Morans'I of the urbanization level in the county area increased from 0.2065 in 1978 to 0.4414 in 2009, indicating that the spatial agglomeration of the urbanization level pattern is increasing. There are high value clusters and low value clusters in space, and the structural characteristics of spatial differentiation of urbanization are obvious. From the local autocorrelation analysis, it can be seen that there is a more obvious polarization trend between regions, and the urbanization space shows obvious internal. It reveals the imbalance in the spatial distribution of the urbanization level in Xinjiang, and reflects the basic pattern of high and low levels in the north and south of Xinjiang. On the basis of the above research, taking 16 representative cities in Xinjiang as the research object, using multiphase satellite remote sensing data and combining with the intensity of urban expansion, The method of evaluating the expansion rate, the compact degree of urban space and the fractal dimension, This paper analyzes the process and characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamic changes of urban expansion in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2010. The results show that the spatial distribution of Xinjiang cities is determined by their unique natural environment and oasis economy, and the development of many cities depends on oasis. The formation of cities and towns has the characteristics of "hydrophilic". Due to the vast territory of Xinjiang, there are obvious differences in the expansion speed and intensity between the cities in the north and the south of Xinjiang, because of the formation of relatively concentrated urban belts or urban agglomerations in the vicinity of the main traffic lines. Most of the cities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in the north of Xinjiang belong to the type of expansion with relatively fast expansion speed and relatively large expansion intensity, while the cities in southern Xinjiang are relatively slow to expand. Based on the analysis of the changes of urban compactness and fractal dimension, it is found that the average urban compactness in Xinjiang is decreasing, while the fractal dimension is increasing. It shows that the urban spatial structure of Xinjiang tends to be loosened, and the urban spatial structure is not reasonable and needs to be improved.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.113

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