本文關(guān)鍵詞： 示蹤氣體 通風(fēng)量 非均勻性 局部區(qū)域通風(fēng) 有效通風(fēng)量　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活質(zhì)量的提高，舒適和健康的建筑環(huán)境逐漸成為人們生產(chǎn)和生活的基本需求。通風(fēng)是室內(nèi)環(huán)境營(yíng)造的重要手段之一：通風(fēng)量不足將導(dǎo)致一系列健康問題，而通風(fēng)量過大則可能導(dǎo)致較大的能耗；另一方面，不合理的氣流組織使得進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的空氣不能得到有效利用。本文以此為背景，針對(duì)房間通風(fēng)量的測(cè)量和室內(nèi)局部區(qū)域通風(fēng)效果的評(píng)價(jià)中的四個(gè)問題開展了研究。本文的主要工作與成果如下： （1）研究了利用示蹤氣體測(cè)量風(fēng)道風(fēng)量的方法，并進(jìn)行了裝置開發(fā)。 本文首先提出了測(cè)量方法和系統(tǒng)，并分析了其適用性。其后對(duì)測(cè)量中關(guān)鍵的摻混長(zhǎng)度給出了定義，通過理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了影響因素，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)指出了利用風(fēng)道中的擾動(dòng)部件和優(yōu)化釋放管可增強(qiáng)摻混效果�；诖�，本文進(jìn)行了測(cè)量裝置的開發(fā)，通過裝置的實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果說(shuō)明了測(cè)量方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并介紹了其應(yīng)用。 （2）分析了室內(nèi)均勻性和下降法測(cè)量中的問題，介紹了有效風(fēng)量指標(biāo)。 本文建立了室內(nèi)多區(qū)域模型，，通過分析得出當(dāng)室內(nèi)無(wú)源時(shí)不均勻房間中各區(qū)域?qū)?shù)濃度曲線的衰減斜率相同。進(jìn)一步，本文指出了下降法擬合得到的“換氣次數(shù)”并非房間真實(shí)的換氣次數(shù)，并針對(duì)有固定出風(fēng)口的房間分析了準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量的可行性。本文闡述了在房間非均勻時(shí)采用有效通風(fēng)量指標(biāo)在測(cè)量和評(píng)價(jià)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 （3）建立了等效源模型，提出了局部區(qū)域通風(fēng)效果的綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和方法。 本文通過指標(biāo)對(duì)比分析了局部純凈風(fēng)量的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。基于馬爾可夫過程基礎(chǔ)上建立了等效源模型，并提出了采用局部純凈風(fēng)量、等效源強(qiáng)度（區(qū)域濃度）和排污潛力三種指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)局部區(qū)域的通風(fēng)效果和剩余的排污潛能，給出結(jié)合CFD工具簡(jiǎn)便計(jì)算局部純凈風(fēng)量、等效源強(qiáng)度和排污潛力的簡(jiǎn)便方法。 （4）簡(jiǎn)要分析了非恒定條件對(duì)通風(fēng)效果的影響，得出了一些初步的結(jié)論。 本文通過分析說(shuō)明了均勻混合時(shí)以瞬時(shí)風(fēng)量的絕對(duì)值積分得到的時(shí)均風(fēng)量與時(shí)均有效風(fēng)量相差較小，指出了工程中以測(cè)量得到的有效風(fēng)量作為時(shí)均風(fēng)量進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)價(jià)所帶來(lái)的誤差很小。 本文的研究成果加深了對(duì)房間通風(fēng)效果的規(guī)律性認(rèn)識(shí)，有助于房間的整體通風(fēng)的合理測(cè)量與評(píng)價(jià)，以及室內(nèi)局部區(qū)域通風(fēng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:With the development of the national economy and the improvement of the quality of life of the people, The comfortable and healthy building environment has gradually become the basic demand of people's production and life. Ventilation is one of the important means of indoor environment construction: insufficient ventilation will lead to a series of health problems, while excessive ventilation may lead to greater energy consumption; On the other hand, the unreasonable airflow organization prevents the air entering the room from being used efficiently. This paper studies four problems in the measurement of room ventilation and the evaluation of ventilation effect in indoor local area. The main work and results of this paper are as follows:. 1) the method of measuring air volume by tracer gas is studied, and the device is developed. In this paper, the measurement method and system are put forward firstly, and their applicability is analyzed. Then, the key mixing length is defined, and the influencing factors are analyzed through theory and experiment. It is pointed out through experiments that the mixing effect can be enhanced by using the disturbance components in the air duct and the optimized release tube. Based on this, the measuring device is developed, the advantages of the measuring method are explained by the measured results of the device, and its application is introduced. The problems in indoor homogeneity and descent measurement are analyzed, and the effective air volume index is introduced. In this paper, the indoor multi-region model is established, and the attenuation slope of logarithmic concentration curve of each area in a non-uniform room is found to be the same when the room is passive. This paper points out that the "air exchange times" obtained by the descent fitting method are not the true air exchange times of the room. The feasibility of accurate measurement is analyzed for the room with fixed air outlet. This paper describes the advantages of effective ventilation index in measurement and evaluation when the room is non-uniform. The equivalent source model is established, and the comprehensive evaluation index and method of local area ventilation effect are put forward. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of local pure air volume are compared and analyzed. Based on the Markov process, the equivalent source model is established, and the local pure air volume is proposed. The ventilation effect and residual discharge potential of local area are evaluated synthetically by three indexes of equivalent source strength (regional concentration) and discharge potential. A simple and convenient method for calculating local pure air volume, equivalent source strength and discharge potential is presented by using CFD tool. The influence of unsteady condition on ventilation effect is analyzed briefly, and some preliminary conclusions are obtained. In this paper, it is shown that the time average air volume obtained by the absolute integral of the instantaneous air volume is smaller than that of the time average effective air volume when the mixture is uniformly mixed. It is pointed out that the error caused by the design and evaluation of the effective air volume measured in engineering is very small. The research results of this paper deepen the understanding of the regularity of the ventilation effect of the room, and contribute to the rational measurement and evaluation of the overall ventilation of the room, as well as the optimum design of the ventilation in the local area of the room.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU834

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