【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展,海洋新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速崛起,海上運輸業(yè)和旅游業(yè)日益活躍。但是隨之而來的海上遇險事故頻頻發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致人員傷亡和巨大的財產(chǎn)損失。海上遇險事故大多發(fā)生在霧天或大風(fēng)浪等惡劣天氣下,當(dāng)救助直升機對遇險目標(biāo)進行搜尋時,紅外成像是最適用于全天候的海面遇險目標(biāo)搜尋的實用系統(tǒng)。目前我國在救助直升機上的搜尋系統(tǒng)中,絕大多數(shù)還沒有采用紅外搜尋系統(tǒng),只有極少數(shù)救助直升機上采用了單波段紅外成像系統(tǒng),但單波段的紅外成像系統(tǒng)所采集的圖像可用信息量受限,導(dǎo)致海面遇險目標(biāo)的識別率受到影響。隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,利用雙波段紅外成像系統(tǒng)進行數(shù)據(jù)采集,利用兩個波段信息的互補性,可提高系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)檢測能力和抗干擾能力。本文主要研究海面雙波段紅外圖像配準(zhǔn)與融合方法,結(jié)合紅外成像技術(shù)自身特點,對同一海面場景的雙波段紅外圖像進行融合處理,實現(xiàn)信息互補。圖像配準(zhǔn)是圖像融合的關(guān)鍵步驟,未能精確配準(zhǔn)的圖像會造成融合后的圖像出現(xiàn)模糊,但在本項目背景下由于海面遇險目標(biāo)較小,海浪結(jié)構(gòu)極為相似,特征點較少,常用的配準(zhǔn)方法,如尺度不變特征轉(zhuǎn)換(SIFT)算法都達不到很好的效果,本文結(jié)合硬件系統(tǒng)內(nèi)中紅外相機和遠紅外相機位置相互固定這一特點,提出了一種改進的基于仿射變換的圖像配準(zhǔn)方法。在完成精確配準(zhǔn)后,本文采用了基于小波變換的圖像融合方法。經(jīng)過深入研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著海面目標(biāo)場景溫度的變化,在某些特定的時間段內(nèi),目標(biāo)在中紅外圖像和遠紅外圖像中的亮度相對于背景亮度會出現(xiàn)有的會亮,有的會暗,灰度值反轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象,這時常用的加權(quán)平均法會降低目標(biāo)的對比度。本文針對該現(xiàn)象提出了一種改進的低頻分量融合規(guī)則,即利用局部峰值法檢測疑似目標(biāo)區(qū)域,通過判定疑似目標(biāo)區(qū)域與背景的亮度關(guān)系來制定融合策略。本文用融合質(zhì)量評價指標(biāo)對融合后的圖像進行了評價。實驗結(jié)果表明,使用本文的方法融合后的圖像效果較好,更有利于后續(xù)圖像處理算法對海面遇險目標(biāo)進行檢測與識別。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the rapid rise of marine emerging industries, marine transportation and tourism are becoming more and more active. However, the subsequent maritime distress accidents occurred frequently, resulting in casualties and huge property losses. Most marine distress accidents occur in severe weather such as fog or storm. When rescue helicopters search for distress targets, infrared imaging is the most suitable system for the all-weather sea distress target search. At present, most of the search systems on rescue helicopters in our country have not adopted infrared search systems. Only a very few rescue helicopters have adopted single-band infrared imaging systems. However, the available information of the images collected by the single band infrared imaging system is limited, which results in the influence of the recognition rate of the targets in distress on the sea surface. With the development of modern science and technology, the dual-band infrared imaging system is used to collect data, and the complementary information between the two bands can improve the ability of target detection and anti-jamming of the system. This paper mainly studies the registration and fusion method of sea surface dual-band infrared image. Combining the characteristics of infrared imaging technology, the dual-band infrared image of the same sea surface scene is fused to realize the complementary information. Image registration is the key step of image fusion. The image that can not be accurately registered will result in blurred image after fusion. But in the background of this project, because of the small target of sea distress, the wave structure is very similar, and the feature points are less. The common registration methods, such as scale invariant feature conversion (SIFT) algorithm, can not achieve good results. This paper combines the fixed position of mid-infrared camera and far-infrared camera in hardware system. An improved image registration method based on affine transformation is proposed. After accurate registration, the image fusion method based on wavelet transform is adopted in this paper. After in-depth study, it is found that, with the change of the temperature of the sea surface target scene, the brightness of the target in the mid-infrared image and far-infrared image will appear some light and some dark relative to the background brightness in some specific time periods. When the gray value is reversed, the weighted average method can reduce the contrast of the target. In this paper, an improved low frequency component fusion rule is proposed, that is, the local peak value method is used to detect the suspected target region, and the fusion strategy is formulated by judging the brightness relationship between the suspected target region and the background. In this paper, the fusion quality evaluation index is used to evaluate the fused image. The experimental results show that the fusion method proposed in this paper has a better effect and is more beneficial to the subsequent image processing algorithm for the detection and recognition of the target in distress on the sea surface.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

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