【摘要】：能源緊張和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的日益突出,驅(qū)動(dòng)著電動(dòng)汽車(chē)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的使用規(guī)模將迅速擴(kuò)大。然而大量電動(dòng)汽車(chē)接入電網(wǎng)的無(wú)序充放電行為,將會(huì)給負(fù)荷曲線(xiàn)帶來(lái)很大變化,對(duì)日常的負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)、電力調(diào)度等產(chǎn)生不利影響,并且對(duì)發(fā)電廠機(jī)組運(yùn)行成本和社會(huì)綜合效益帶來(lái)很大影響。為了解決這些問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種兼顧發(fā)電廠機(jī)組運(yùn)行成本和社會(huì)綜合效益的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)有序充放電的方法。本文首先在研究各種類(lèi)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,分別建立了電動(dòng)公交車(chē)、電動(dòng)私家車(chē)和電動(dòng)出租車(chē)的充放電負(fù)荷模型,通過(guò)算例分析了三種類(lèi)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)在各時(shí)段的充電數(shù)量和充電功率。隨后在只考慮較為普及的電動(dòng)私家車(chē)接入電網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了考慮機(jī)組組合的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)有序充放電的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并運(yùn)用遺傳算法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解。最后在全面考慮三種類(lèi)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)接入電網(wǎng)的情況下,兼顧電動(dòng)汽車(chē)有序充放電對(duì)減少機(jī)組碳排放和負(fù)荷曲線(xiàn)的 削峰填谷‖兩方面的所起到的作用,以機(jī)組運(yùn)行成本最小化和兼顧綜合效益最大化為目標(biāo)函數(shù),把每個(gè)時(shí)段內(nèi)參與充放電的各類(lèi)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)數(shù)量作為可優(yōu)化調(diào)度變量,建立了其數(shù)學(xué)模型,并且運(yùn)用遺傳粒子群混合算法進(jìn)行求解,最終得出一套電動(dòng)汽車(chē)有序充放電方案。本文利用VC++結(jié)合MATLAB編寫(xiě)程序以實(shí)現(xiàn)算法,用算例驗(yàn)證了算法的正確性和有效性。通過(guò)算例分析表明,一定數(shù)量的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行有序充放電時(shí),可以顯著減小機(jī)組運(yùn)行成本和碳排放成本,且對(duì)負(fù)荷曲線(xiàn)也可以起到明顯的削峰填谷作用。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, the rapid development of electric vehicle technology will drive the rapid development of electric vehicle technology, and the use scale of electric vehicle will expand rapidly. However, the disordered charge and discharge behavior of a large number of electric vehicles connected to the power grid will bring great changes to the load curve, and will have a negative impact on daily load forecasting, power dispatching and so on. And it has a great impact on the operation cost and social comprehensive benefit of power plant units. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents a method of orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicles, which takes into account the operating cost of power plant units and the comprehensive social benefit. In this paper, based on the study of the operation characteristics of various types of electric vehicles, the charge and discharge load models of electric buses, electric private cars and electric taxis are established respectively. The charging quantity and power of three types of electric vehicles in each period are analyzed by an example. Then, on the basis of considering only the more popular electric private cars connected to the power grid, the mathematical model of orderly charge and discharge of electric vehicles considering unit combination is established, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, under the condition that three types of electric vehicles are connected to the power grid, the role of orderly charge and discharge of electric vehicles in reducing the carbon emission of the unit and the peak and valley filling of the load curve is taken into account. In order to minimize the operation cost of the unit and maximize the comprehensive benefit as the objective function, the number of electric vehicles involved in charge and discharge in each period of time is taken as the optimal dispatching variable, and its mathematical model is established. The genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem, and finally a set of orderly charge and discharge scheme for electric vehicle is obtained. In this paper, VC and MATLAB are used to program the algorithm, and an example is given to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm. The analysis of an example shows that the operation cost and carbon emission cost of the unit can be significantly reduced when a certain number of electric vehicles are charged and discharged in an orderly manner, and the load curve can also play an obvious role in peak cutting and valley filling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM73;U469.72

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