【摘要】：電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展帶動了快遞物流行業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,但物流行業(yè)的運(yùn)輸成本卻一直居高不下。同時,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,環(huán)境污染和能源短缺問題越來越明顯,而汽車數(shù)量的增加更使這些問題日益嚴(yán)重。因此,節(jié)能環(huán)保、安全舒適、自重輕、成本低成為了各汽車制造企業(yè)追求的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)國外的研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,汽車整車質(zhì)量每降低100公斤,百公里油耗可降低0.3~0.6升;汽車整車質(zhì)量每減少10%,油耗可降低5%~8%。同時,輕量化可減少原材料消耗,降低零件成本,增加企業(yè)的收益。為開發(fā)出結(jié)構(gòu)合理,重量最輕的車架,本課題先是通過對標(biāo)國類外成熟的輕量化車架結(jié)構(gòu),按照商用車車架的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)思路,選擇合適規(guī)格的縱梁及橫梁,并根據(jù)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)及常見失效模式與解決措施,結(jié)合給定的整車使用工況及設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),應(yīng)用高強(qiáng)度板,提出初步的優(yōu)化方案。根據(jù)有限元分析結(jié)果找出車架最大應(yīng)力位置,基礎(chǔ)車及快遞物流車車架縱梁上的最大應(yīng)力均出現(xiàn)在板簧支座、駕駛室懸置支座附近,主要是這些位置需要將大總成或貨物的載荷往下一級傳遞,局部容易出現(xiàn)集中載荷。這些位置在零件的設(shè)計(jì)時要特別注意孔位的布置,要避免出現(xiàn)三孔一線和孔距過小的情況出現(xiàn)。在完成了理論分析之后,通過電測試驗(yàn)及道路試驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證分析結(jié)果的正確性及結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性。并對試驗(yàn)過程中的問題進(jìn)行原因分析,提出解決措施,進(jìn)一步保證了產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性及使用過程中的可靠性�；谄诜治隼碚�,通過采用雨流法對動態(tài)測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析找出最大應(yīng)力和最小應(yīng)力,并在簡化的極限應(yīng)力云圖進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。結(jié)果顯示所有測點(diǎn)應(yīng)力數(shù)據(jù)均在所用材料的極限應(yīng)力曲線范圍內(nèi),說明該車架上各零件的疲勞壽命可以滿足使用要求。本文運(yùn)用并結(jié)合了有限元分析、電測試驗(yàn)及道路試驗(yàn)等手段,通過對比分析,設(shè)計(jì)出最優(yōu)的車架結(jié)構(gòu),并通過試驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)車架的可靠性。通過將先進(jìn)的理論設(shè)計(jì)方法應(yīng)用到車架的設(shè)計(jì)中,升華了以前僅依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的方法,避免了設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)過于保守,以實(shí)現(xiàn)車架重量更輕,結(jié)構(gòu)更合理。同時,通過電測和有限元分析相結(jié)合的方式,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了方案的合理性,保證了產(chǎn)品的可靠性,縮短了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)驗(yàn)證時間,提高了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)效率。
[Abstract]:The development of electronic commerce has driven the rapid development of express logistics industry, but the transportation cost of logistics industry has been high. At the same time, with the rapid development of economy, the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage become more and more obvious, and the increasing number of cars make these problems more and more serious. Therefore, energy-saving, environmental protection, safety and comfort, light weight, low cost has become the goal pursued by automobile manufacturing enterprises. According to foreign research data, for every 100 kg reduction of vehicle mass, the fuel consumption of 100 km can be reduced by 0.3% 0.6 liters, and the fuel consumption can be reduced by 5% for every 10 kg reduction in vehicle mass. At the same time, lightweight can reduce the consumption of raw materials, reduce the cost of parts, and increase the income of enterprises. In order to develop the frame with reasonable structure and the lightest weight, this subject firstly selects the longitudinal beam and the crossbeam of suitable specification through the mature lightweight frame structure outside the standard country and according to the design and development idea of commercial vehicle frame. According to the characteristics of the existing products, common failure modes and solutions, combined with the given vehicle operating conditions and design objectives, the application of high strength plate, put forward a preliminary optimization scheme. According to the results of finite element analysis, the maximum stress position of the frame is found. The maximum stress on the longitudinal beam of the base vehicle and the express logistics vehicle frame appears near the leaf spring support and the cab suspension support. Mainly, these positions need to transfer the load of the assembly or cargo to the next stage. Special attention should be paid to the location of the holes in the design of the parts so as to avoid the occurrence of the three hole line and the hole spacing too small. After the theoretical analysis is completed, the correctness of the analysis results and the rationality of the structure are verified by electrical test and road test. The causes of the problems in the test are analyzed, and the solutions are put forward to ensure the rationality of the product structure and the reliability in the process of application. Based on the theory of fatigue analysis, the maximum and minimum stresses are found by using rain flow method to analyze the dynamic test data, and the simplified limit stress cloud diagram is marked. The results show that the stress data of all the measured points are within the limit stress curve of the material used, which indicates that the fatigue life of the parts on the frame can meet the requirements of application. In this paper, the optimal frame structure is designed by means of finite element analysis, electric test and road test, and the reliability of the frame is verified by test. By applying the advanced theoretical design method to the design of the frame, this paper sublimates the previous design method which only relies on experience, and avoids the design structure being too conservative, so that the weight of the frame is lighter and the structure is more reasonable. At the same time, the rationality of the scheme is further verified by the combination of electric measurement and finite element analysis, which ensures the reliability of the product, shortens the verification time of product development and improves the efficiency of product development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.32

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