【摘要】：當汽車以中速行駛時,輪胎與不平路面之間的相互作用是車內振動的主要激勵源。該激勵力通過輪胎系統(tǒng)傳遞到懸架,經過懸架系統(tǒng)的緩沖與減振作用后傳至車身,從而引起車身振動和車內噪聲。工程實踐中,應用后扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)的前置前驅(FF)乘用車在中低速行駛過程中出現(xiàn)較明顯的噪音已成為普遍性問題,如何通過優(yōu)化懸架系統(tǒng)設計以改善整車NVH性能引起業(yè)內廣泛關注。論文以中低檔乘用車廣泛應用的后扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)作為研究對象,以仿真與試驗相結合的方式深入研究其動態(tài)特性,以及基于懸架系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性的整車振動分析。將懸架系統(tǒng)與車身連接處的橡膠襯套剛度作為關鍵影響因素,進行以改善懸架系統(tǒng)模態(tài)分布以及降低底盤振動響應為目標的影響規(guī)律研究。為了客觀全面地反映懸架系統(tǒng)的固有特性以及振動傳遞特性,對扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性進行了試驗測試分析,得到系統(tǒng)的試驗模態(tài)參數(shù)、振動傳遞函數(shù)(VTF)以及各彈性阻尼元件的特性參數(shù)。上述參數(shù)的獲取也為仿真建模工作提供試驗數(shù)據支持以及檢驗模型的依據。根據有限元原理,以Hyper Works軟件作為仿真計算平臺,對扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性進行仿真分析,重點討論有限元建模中各部件特性的等效表達方式,各約束邊界的簡化模擬原理。提出了橡膠襯套動剛度當量化的賦值方法以及鐵制工裝代替復雜輪胎系統(tǒng)邊界的處理方式,并根據試驗測試數(shù)據驗證其有效性。依托上述建立的扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)有限元模型,以懸架與車身連接處安裝襯套的各向剛度作為單一變量,對懸架系統(tǒng)的低階模態(tài)頻率進行靈敏度分析；并討論了襯套某一剛度方向與懸架系統(tǒng)某階模態(tài)振型之間的對應關系,揭示了懸架系統(tǒng)模態(tài)分布隨襯套剛度的變化規(guī)律。研究表明,懸架系統(tǒng)前三階模態(tài)振型主要表現(xiàn)為Z向與X向的彎曲,因此模態(tài)頻率也受這兩個方向的剛度變化影響較大。為了進一步揭示懸架系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性與整車振動之間的關系,以后扭力梁懸架子系統(tǒng)為基礎,補充前懸架子系統(tǒng)、轉向子系統(tǒng)、輪胎子系統(tǒng)以及車身子系統(tǒng)的建模工作,完成整車參數(shù)化模型的搭建。在此基礎上定性討論車內底盤處垂向振動加速度響應隨安裝襯套剛度的變化規(guī)律,并結合實車道路測試結果進行有效性驗證。研究表明,減小襯套整車安裝方向Z向的剛度對降低車內中低頻振動有利。綜上所述,論文從多個角度全面分析了扭力梁懸架系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性,以及各關鍵因素對動態(tài)特性的影響規(guī)律。同時,重點討論了懸架系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性中襯套剛度特性對整車振動的影響,為路面激勵經由懸架系統(tǒng)傳至車身的減振研究工作提供指導,進而提升整車NVH性能。
[Abstract]:The interaction between the tire and the uneven road is the main source of vibration when the vehicle is moving at medium speed. The excitation force is transferred to the suspension through the tire system, and then transmitted to the body after the suspension system's cushioning and damping action, thus causing the body vibration and the vehicle interior noise. In engineering practice, it has become a universal problem that the front (FF) passenger car with rear torsion beam suspension system appears obvious noise in the course of middle and low speed driving. How to optimize the design of suspension system to improve the performance of vehicle NVH has attracted wide attention in the industry. In this paper, the rear torsion beam suspension system which is widely used in medium and low class passenger cars is taken as the research object. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension system and the vibration analysis of the whole vehicle based on the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system are deeply studied by means of the combination of simulation and test. Taking the stiffness of rubber bushing at the joint of suspension system and body as the key factor, the influence law of improving the modal distribution of suspension system and reducing the vibration response of chassis is studied. In order to reflect the inherent characteristics and vibration transfer characteristics of suspension system objectively and comprehensively, the dynamic characteristics of torsional beam suspension system are tested and analyzed, and the test modal parameters of the system are obtained. Vibration transfer function (VTF) and characteristic parameters of each elastic damping element. The acquisition of the above parameters also provides experimental data support for simulation modeling and the basis for checking the model. According to the principle of finite element, the dynamic characteristics of torsion beam suspension system are simulated and analyzed with Hyper Works software as the simulation platform, and the equivalent expression of the characteristics of each component in finite element modeling is discussed emphatically. The simplified simulation principle of each constraint boundary. The evaluation method of dynamic stiffness of rubber bushing and the method of replacing the boundary of complex tire system with iron tooling are put forward. The validity of the method is verified by the test data. Based on the above finite element model of torsional beam suspension system, the stiffness of the bushing installed at the joint of suspension and body is taken as a single variable to analyze the sensitivity of the low-order modal frequency of suspension system. The relationship between the stiffness direction of the bushing and the mode shape of the suspension system is discussed, and the variation of the modal distribution of the suspension system with the stiffness of the bushing is revealed. The results show that the first three modes of suspension system are mainly bending in Z direction and X direction, so the modal frequency is greatly affected by the stiffness variation in these two directions. In order to further reveal the relationship between the dynamic characteristics of suspension system and vehicle vibration, the modeling work of front suspension subsystem, steering subsystem, tire subsystem and vehicle body subsystem is added based on the torsion beam suspension subsystem. Build the parameterized model of the whole vehicle. On this basis, the variation of vertical vibration acceleration response of the chassis with the stiffness of the mounting bushing is discussed qualitatively, and the validity is verified by the test results of the real vehicle road. It is shown that reducing the Z-direction stiffness of the bushing direction is beneficial to the reduction of the mid-low frequency vibration in the vehicle. To sum up, the dynamic characteristics of torsional beam suspension system and the influence of key factors on the dynamic characteristics are analyzed comprehensively in this paper. At the same time, the influence of the stiffness characteristics of the bushing on the vibration of the whole vehicle is discussed, which provides guidance for the study of the vibration reduction of the road excitation transmitted to the body through the suspension system, and then improves the NVH performance of the whole vehicle.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.33

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