夜間增溫條件下免耕對農(nóng)田土壤碳氮礦化的影響
發(fā)布時間:2019-06-18 17:02
【摘要】:全球變暖對農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的元素物質轉化與循環(huán)具有重要影響。以往的研究主要從全天平均溫度的升高進行模擬,且大多集中在農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的地上作物部分。另外,免耕作為一項保護性耕作措施對農(nóng)作物生長以及土壤碳氮轉化過程具有積極作用。那么,在未來溫度升高情景下免耕能否改善農(nóng)田土壤碳氮轉化過程從而保持農(nóng)田生產(chǎn)力的可持續(xù)性,對緩解我國的糧食安全問題具有積極意義。本試驗針對這一問題,采用田間開放式增溫結合免耕處理研究夜間增溫條件下免耕對農(nóng)田土壤碳、氮礦化過程及相關酶活性的影響,探索長期夜間增溫及免耕條件下農(nóng)田土壤碳、氮轉化過程對外源碳、氮添加的響應特征。試驗設置四個處理:常溫+翻耕(CK)、增溫+翻耕(W)、常溫+免耕(NT)、增溫+免耕(WNT)。主要得到以下結論:(1)這四種試驗土壤在3種N添加(無N、NH4+-N和NO3--N)條件下,分別在5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃溫度下進行好氧培養(yǎng)。研究表明:與對照(CK)相比,W處理顯著提高了土壤有機碳礦化速率,增幅為5.3%~18.4%; NT處理下有機碳礦化速率增幅顯著高于W處理,增幅為14.6%~36.7%; WNT處理下碳礦化速率達到最大值,相比于對照(CK)礦化速率增幅為19.5%~56.7%。施加不同形態(tài)氮條件下土壤有機碳礦化的溫度敏感性響應特征不同,銨態(tài)氮的添加使4種供試土壤的Q10值提升了 3.9%~4.7%;硝態(tài)氮的添加對Q10值則無明顯影響,對碳礦化速率影響不顯著。(2)與CK處理相比,W處理下土壤凈氮礦化速率和硝化速率分別增加了31%和8.5%。NT處理下凈氮礦化速率的增幅高于W處理,平均提高了 33.9%;但硝化速率降低了 23.7%。與NT處理變化一致,WNT處理下土壤凈氮礦化速率提高了 73.8%,硝化速率降低了 17%。與無N添加處理相比,銨態(tài)氮添加條件下4個處理土壤的凈氮礦化量增加了 4.2~17.7 mg·kg~(-1),硝化量增加了8.1~25.0mg·kg~(-1)。相應地,氮添加使氮礦化和硝化速率都有不同程度的提高,凈氮礦化速率分別提高了 18.3%、26.3%、54.6%、53.4%,硝化速率分別提高了84.2%、161.7%、207.0%、140.0%。(3)四種試驗土壤在2種C處理(無C、添加C)條件下,分別在5℃℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃溫度下進行好氧培養(yǎng)。研究表明:碳添加條件下CK、W、NT以及WNT處理的凈氮礦化速率分別下降了 38.9%、38.9%、43.1%和46.7%,硝化速率則分別下降了 39.8%、38%、40.5%和43.5%。(4) 土壤酶活性對增溫及免耕處理的響應不同。隨著培養(yǎng)溫度(5~30℃)的升高,脲酶、脫氫酶和過氧化氫酶的活性均有不同程度地增強。其中,W處理下脲酶活性的整個培養(yǎng)溫度平均值與CK處理相比,提高了 11.5%; NT處理和WNT處理則分別提高了 17.7%和21.2%。CK 土壤在培養(yǎng)溫度為5~30℃條件下脫氫酶活性范圍為0.5μL/(g·6h) ~ 5.9μL/(g·6h);與CK 土壤相比,W 土壤、NT 土壤和WNT 土壤的整個培養(yǎng)溫度平均值分別提高了 18.2%,9.1%和22.7%。CK 土壤在培養(yǎng)溫度為5~30℃條件下過氧化氫酶活性范圍為5.0mg/(g·h)~5.4mg/(g·h); 4個試驗處理對該酶活性的整個培養(yǎng)溫度平均值沒有明顯影響。綜上所述,夜間增溫、免耕以及夜間增溫疊加免耕措施都促進了有機碳、氮礦化過程,提高了有機碳氮的礦化速率,但免耕措施降低了土壤硝化速率和硝化量。因此,在全球變暖的背景下采取免耕措施促進土壤有機氮的礦化過程,提高了銨氮供應量,以滿足作物對氮素的需求,同時減緩了硝化過程,減少了氮流失的風險,可能是一項有潛力的可持續(xù)應對氣候變暖的農(nóng)業(yè)措施。
[Abstract]:Global warming has an important effect on the transformation and circulation of elements in the farmland ecosystem. Previous studies have been mainly simulated from the increase of the average temperature of the whole day, and most of them are concentrated on the above-ground crop part of the farmland ecosystem. In addition, no-tillage as a protective farming measure has a positive effect on the growth of crops and the transformation of soil carbon and nitrogen. In the future, no-tillage can improve the soil carbon-nitrogen conversion process in the farmland so as to keep the agricultural productivity sustainable, and it is of positive significance to alleviate the problem of food security in China. In view of this problem, the effects of no-tillage on carbon, nitrogen mineralization and the activity of the related enzymes under the condition of no-tillage on the soil carbon, nitrogen mineralization and the activity of the related enzymes under the condition of no-tillage in the field were studied in the field of open-ended temperature-increasing and no-tillage treatment, and the carbon and nitrogen conversion processes of the soil under the condition of long-term night-temperature and no-tillage were explored, and the carbon and nitrogen in the field The response characteristics of nitrogen addition. The test is to set four treatments: normal temperature + turn-on (CK), temperature-increasing + turning-up (W), normal-temperature + no-tillage (NT), temperature-increasing + no-tillage (WNT). The following conclusions were obtained: (1) The four test soils were cultured at 5 鈩,
本文編號:2501644
[Abstract]:Global warming has an important effect on the transformation and circulation of elements in the farmland ecosystem. Previous studies have been mainly simulated from the increase of the average temperature of the whole day, and most of them are concentrated on the above-ground crop part of the farmland ecosystem. In addition, no-tillage as a protective farming measure has a positive effect on the growth of crops and the transformation of soil carbon and nitrogen. In the future, no-tillage can improve the soil carbon-nitrogen conversion process in the farmland so as to keep the agricultural productivity sustainable, and it is of positive significance to alleviate the problem of food security in China. In view of this problem, the effects of no-tillage on carbon, nitrogen mineralization and the activity of the related enzymes under the condition of no-tillage on the soil carbon, nitrogen mineralization and the activity of the related enzymes under the condition of no-tillage in the field were studied in the field of open-ended temperature-increasing and no-tillage treatment, and the carbon and nitrogen conversion processes of the soil under the condition of long-term night-temperature and no-tillage were explored, and the carbon and nitrogen in the field The response characteristics of nitrogen addition. The test is to set four treatments: normal temperature + turn-on (CK), temperature-increasing + turning-up (W), normal-temperature + no-tillage (NT), temperature-increasing + no-tillage (WNT). The following conclusions were obtained: (1) The four test soils were cultured at 5 鈩,
本文編號:2501644
本文鏈接:http://www.sikaile.net/kejilunwen/nykj/2501644.html
最近更新
教材專著