【摘要】：不同規(guī)模的畜禽養(yǎng)殖、管理模式不同,畜禽的產(chǎn)污特征存在很大差異。探究不同規(guī)模畜禽產(chǎn)污規(guī)律可為區(qū)域糞污的合理利用及污染防治提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。選取苕溪流域2家規(guī)模不同的生豬養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng),對(duì)其養(yǎng)殖污水及生豬糞便進(jìn)行收集和分析,對(duì)比2家養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)不同養(yǎng)殖階段生豬養(yǎng)殖污水、糞便的污染物含量和產(chǎn)污系數(shù)特征。結(jié)果表明:規(guī)模較小的金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(年出欄量500頭)單頭生豬養(yǎng)殖污水及糞便的日均產(chǎn)量均高于大觀(guān)山養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(年出欄量36 000頭);大觀(guān)山養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)生豬養(yǎng)殖污水和糞便中污染物含量大多高于金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng),金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)養(yǎng)殖廢物中總磷(TP)含量遠(yuǎn)高于大觀(guān)山,可能是因?yàn)榻饜?ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)使用的泔水中TP含量過(guò)高導(dǎo)致;大觀(guān)山養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)保育、育肥和妊娠3個(gè)階段的總氮(TN)產(chǎn)污系數(shù)分別為8.94、18.68、30.65 g·d~(-1)·頭~(-1),TP產(chǎn)污系數(shù)分別為3.91、7.62、14.77g·d~(-1)·頭~(-1),金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)保育、育肥和妊娠3個(gè)階段的TN產(chǎn)污系數(shù)分別為9.84、19.77、32.95 g·d~(-1)·頭~(-1),TP產(chǎn)污系數(shù)分別為5.87、15.23、30.09 g·d~(-1)·頭~(-1),大觀(guān)山養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)TN產(chǎn)污系數(shù)略高于金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng),金愛(ài)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)TP產(chǎn)污系數(shù)遠(yuǎn)高于大觀(guān)山養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)。2家養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)重金屬的產(chǎn)污系數(shù)相差不大,說(shuō)明不同生豬養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模對(duì)TP的產(chǎn)污系數(shù)影響較大,而對(duì)TN和重金屬的產(chǎn)污系數(shù)影響較小。
[Abstract]:The pollution production characteristics of livestock and poultry are very different when the management mode is different in different scales of livestock and poultry breeding. Exploring the law of livestock and poultry pollution production of different scales can provide scientific basis for rational utilization and pollution prevention and control of regional fecal pollution. Two pig farms of different sizes in Tiaoxi Basin were selected to collect and analyze their sewage and pig faeces, and the characteristics of pollutant content and pollution production coefficient of sewage and feces in different breeding stages of the two farms were compared. The results showed that the average daily yield of sewage and feces in the small Jinai farm (500 pigs per year) was higher than that in Daguan Mountain farm (36000 pigs per year). The content of pollutants in sewage and feces of pig breeding in Daguan Mountain farm was mostly higher than that in Jinai farm. The content of total phosphorus (TP) in breeding waste of Jinai farm was much higher than that in Daguan Mountain, which may be due to the high content of TP in swill used in Jinai farm. The pollution production coefficients of total nitrogen (TN) in Daguan Mountain farm conservation, fattening and pregnancy were 8.94, 18.68, 30.65 g 路d ~ (- 1) head ~ (- 1), 7.62 g 路d ~ (- 1), 14.77 g 路d ~ (- 1) head ~ (- 1), respectively. The TN pollution production coefficients in Jinai farm conservation, fattening and pregnancy stages were 9.84, 19.77, 3.95 g 路d ~ (- 1), 3.91 g 路d ~ (- 1), 9.84 g 路d ~ (- 1) and 3.95 g 路d ~ (- 1), respectively. The pollution production coefficients of TP were 5.87, 15.23, 30.09 g 路d ~ (- 1), respectively. The TN pollution production coefficient of Daguan Mountain Farm was slightly higher than that of Jinai Farm, and the TP pollution production coefficient of Jinai Farm was much higher than that of Daguan Mountain Farm. There was no significant difference in the pollution production coefficient of heavy metals between the two farms, which indicated that different pig breeding scales had a great influence on the pollution production coefficient of TP, but had little effect on the pollution production coefficient of TN and heavy metals.
【作者單位】： 環(huán)境保護(hù)部南京環(huán)境科學(xué)研究所;南京信息工程大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2014ZX07101-012) 中央級(jí)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2016) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(SQ2017YFD0801301,SQ2016YFNC060041)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X713

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