發(fā)布時間：2019-01-10 12:58

【摘要】：為了有效提高黃壤煙田土壤對氮素的吸持能力,降低氮素流失對環(huán)境造成的影響,通過土壤培養(yǎng)試驗和等溫吸附試驗研究了商品有機肥-膨潤土-腐植酸(HA)配制成的土壤調(diào)理劑對黃壤銨態(tài)氮(NH_4~+-N)吸持特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,在本試驗條件下,土壤調(diào)理劑對土壤NH_4~+-N吸附的影響隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長表現(xiàn)出逐漸增加的趨勢,土壤培養(yǎng)60 d氮素吸附量達到最高值546.34 mg/kg。各處理NH_4~+-N的等溫吸附曲線可以用Langmuir方程很好地擬合。隨著土壤調(diào)理劑用量的增加,土壤NH_4~+-N最大吸附量Qmax也逐漸提高。土壤調(diào)理劑中腐植酸的添加比例可以調(diào)節(jié)黃壤對NH_4~+-N的吸持能力,調(diào)理劑中腐植酸添加量為20%時,黃壤對NH_4~+-N的吸附容量和強度指標均顯著增加。在烤煙生產(chǎn)上可選擇有機肥-膨潤土-腐植酸三者配比為6∶2∶2的土壤調(diào)理劑,且根據(jù)不同煙田土壤肥力狀況確定具體施用量。土壤調(diào)理劑能有效地調(diào)控黃壤氮素容量和強度指標,對黃壤NH_4~+-N吸持力具有明顯的促進作用,在生產(chǎn)上可保證烤煙前期生長對氮素營養(yǎng)的需求,同時降低氮素的環(huán)境風險。
[Abstract]:In order to effectively improve the nitrogen uptake capacity of tobacco soil in yellow soil, and reduce the impact of nitrogen loss on the environment, The effects of soil conditioning agent made of commercial organic fertilizer, bentonite and humic acid (HA) on the absorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen (NH_4~ N) in yellow soil were studied by soil culture test and isothermal adsorption test. The results showed that the effect of soil conditioner on soil NH_4~ N adsorption showed a trend of increasing with the prolongation of culture time, and the nitrogen adsorption capacity reached the highest value of 546.34 mg/kg. after 60 days of soil culture. The isothermal adsorption curves of NH_4~-N can be fitted well by Langmuir equation. With the increase of the amount of soil conditioning agent, the maximum adsorption capacity of NH_4~-N increased gradually. The ratio of humic acid to soil conditioning agent could adjust the absorption capacity of NH_4~ N in yellow soil. When the amount of humic acid added in soil conditioning agent was 20, the adsorption capacity and intensity index of NH_4~ N on yellow soil increased significantly. In the production of flue-cured tobacco, the soil conditioner with the ratio of organic fertilizer, bentonite and humic acid is 6:2:2, and the application amount is determined according to the soil fertility of different tobacco fields. The soil conditioning agent can effectively regulate the nitrogen capacity and intensity index of yellow soil, promote the absorption of NH_4~ N in yellow soil, and ensure the demand of nitrogen nutrition for the early growth of flue-cured tobacco in production. At the same time, the environmental risk of nitrogen was reduced.
【作者單位】： 西南大學資源環(huán)境學院;安徽中煙工業(yè)有限責任公司;湖南中煙工業(yè)有限責任公司;廣西中煙工業(yè)有限責任公司;
【基金】：中國煙草總公司重點項目“山地煙田分類治理與降酸提質(zhì)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與應用”(110201502015) 廣西中煙工業(yè)有限責任公司科技項目“奉節(jié)縣煙區(qū)以農(nóng)家肥為主的土壤改良及煙葉質(zhì)量提升研究”(CG2016109022)
【分類號】：S156;S572

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