【摘要】：菱角螢葉甲Galerucella birmanica Jacoby屬于鞘翅目、葉甲科、螢葉甲亞科、小螢葉甲屬,是菱角上的主要害蟲,給菱角的安全生產(chǎn)帶來很大威脅。明確菱角螢葉甲交配行為對于預(yù)測種群發(fā)展趨勢有重要作用,同時為該害蟲的控制提供必要的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文探索了多次交配對菱角螢葉甲雌蟲適合度的影響和雌蟲對交配對象的選擇,初步探究了菱角螢葉甲雄性競爭的可塑性反應(yīng),研究結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1、在未暴露在雄蟲條件下,多次交配顯著增加了雌蟲的總產(chǎn)卵量和日平均產(chǎn)卵量,交配1次以及交配5次的雌蟲總產(chǎn)卵量分別為404.31粒和674.62粒;多次交配同時也提高了卵的孵化率,特別是在產(chǎn)卵后期,單次交配雌蟲的卵孵化率在30.00%以下,而5次交配雌蟲卵孵化率達90.00%以上。然而,在暴露在雄蟲條件下,隨著交配次數(shù)的增加,雌蟲的壽命顯著縮短,單頭雌蟲與4頭雄蟲一起飼養(yǎng),其壽命顯著短于單獨飼養(yǎng)的雌蟲和1雌1雄一起飼養(yǎng)的雌蟲,同時總產(chǎn)卵量也表現(xiàn)出明顯差異,與4頭雄蟲一起飼養(yǎng)的雌蟲其總產(chǎn)卵量不到單獨飼養(yǎng)雌蟲的一半;在整個試驗階段中,暴露于雄蟲對雌蟲卵的孵化率沒有顯著影響。以上結(jié)果表明,多次交配對于雌蟲達到最佳生殖量是必要的,但是雄蟲干擾會降低雌蟲通過多次交配獲得的生殖利益。2、通過雌蟲對雄蟲個體大小、日齡以及交配經(jīng)歷的選擇試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),與不同大小的雄蟲交配后雌蟲的交配率差異不顯著,總產(chǎn)卵量沒有顯著差異,平均產(chǎn)卵量沒有顯著差異,卵的孵化率也沒有顯著差異;與不同日齡雄蟲交配后雌蟲的交配率差異不顯著,總產(chǎn)卵量沒有顯著差異,日平均產(chǎn)卵量差異不顯著,卵的孵化率也沒有顯著差異;與不同交配經(jīng)歷雄蟲交配后雌蟲的交配率差異不顯著,總產(chǎn)卵量沒有顯著差異,日平均產(chǎn)卵量差異不顯著。以上結(jié)果表明,雌蟲在選擇交配對象時,對雄蟲的大小、日齡以及交配經(jīng)歷沒有明顯偏愛。3、多次交配在昆蟲中廣泛存在,這會導(dǎo)致雄性對交配權(quán)的競爭和精子對受精權(quán)的競爭。本部分工作研究了不同種群密度下菱角螢葉甲雄蟲之間競爭的可塑性反應(yīng),結(jié)果表明雄蟲對雌蟲的反應(yīng)時間(從遇到雌蟲到開始交配的時長)隨著成蟲期生活密度的增加而增加,但與幼蟲期的生活密度沒有顯著關(guān)系;交配時長未受到幼蟲期生活密度以及成蟲期競爭者數(shù)量的影響;雄蟲精子數(shù)量與雄蟲幼蟲期生活密度以及成蟲期競爭者數(shù)量無關(guān);但雄成蟲附腺蛋白含量受到幼蟲期生活密度以及成蟲期競爭者數(shù)量的影響,密度越高、競爭者越多雄成蟲附腺蛋白含量越多。因此,菱角螢葉甲雄蟲可能會根據(jù)幼年以及成年后的生存環(huán)境對生殖行為和生殖生理做出相應(yīng)調(diào)整,以達到生殖利益最大化。
[Abstract]:Galerucella birmanica Jacoby belongs to Coleoptera, Phyllostachidae, Flamyphyllidae and Phellodendron. It is a major pest in the hornwort, which poses a great threat to the safe production of the hornwort. It is clear that mating behavior plays an important role in the prediction of population trend and provides the necessary theoretical basis for the control of this pest. In this paper, the effects of multiple mating on the suitability of female beetles and the selection of mating objects were explored. The plasticity of male competition was preliminarily explored. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Under the condition of unexposed male, multiple mating significantly increased the total oviposition and the average daily oviposition of females. The total spawning numbers of females were 404.31 and 674.62 respectively when they were mated once and 5 times, respectively. Multiple mating also increased the hatching rate of eggs, especially in the late stage of oviposition, the hatching rate of single mating females was less than 30.00%, and the hatching rate of five times mating female eggs was more than 90.00%. However, with the increase of mating times, the longevity of female was significantly shortened when exposed to male, and the lifespan of single female was significantly shorter than that of female fed alone and 1 female and 1 male. At the same time, the total oviposition quantity also showed obvious difference. The total egg laying quantity of female raised with 4 males was less than half of that of female rearing alone. During the whole experiment period, the hatching rate of female eggs was not significantly affected by exposure to male worms. The results show that multiple mating is necessary for the female to reach the optimal reproductive quantity, but the male interference will reduce the reproductive benefits of the female through multiple mating. 2. The selection test of age and mating experience showed that there was no significant difference in mating rate between female and male after mating with different size, but there was no significant difference in total spawning amount, average oviposition and hatching rate. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different day old, but there was no significant difference in total egg laying, no significant difference in average egg laying per day, and no significant difference in hatching rate of eggs. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different mating experiences, but there was no significant difference in total oviposition, and there was no significant difference in average oviposition per day. The results showed that females had no obvious preference for the size, age and mating experience of males in the selection of mating objects. 3. This can lead to male competition for mating rights and sperm competition for fertilization rights. In this part, we studied the plasticity of competition between male and female beetles under different population densities. The results showed that the response time of male to female increased with the increase of adult life density, but had no significant relationship with larval life density. The length of mating was not affected by the density of larval life and the number of adult competitors, but the number of male spermatozoa was not related to the density of male larvae and the number of adult competitors. However, the content of accessory adenosin of male adult was affected by the density of larval stage and the number of competitors in adult stage. The higher the density, the more the content of accessory gland protein of male adult. Therefore, the male may adjust reproductive behavior and physiology according to the living environment of young and adult to maximize the reproductive benefits.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433.5

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1 李娟,張耀庭,曾偉,羅璇,廖長春;應(yīng)用考馬斯亮藍法測定總蛋白含量[J];中國生物制品學雜志;2000年02期

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