【摘要】：在不同的類(lèi)型的林分中,存在著林分凋落物、林層結(jié)構(gòu)的差異以及植物根系的類(lèi)型等限制因素,影響著土壤理化性質(zhì),土層結(jié)構(gòu)的形成,并限制著植物與土壤間相互關(guān)系。因此,需要結(jié)合生態(tài)與植物學(xué)方面的知識(shí)對(duì)人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特征展開(kāi)分析與研究尤為必要。伴隨著全球氣候變暖,CO2濃度上升、氮沉降的形成、極端氣候的加劇嚴(yán)重影響著森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)。為此,本研究對(duì)廣西壯族自治區(qū)國(guó)有七坡林場(chǎng)后山選取了立地條件相似、物種相近的三種人工林(火力楠、馬尾松純林及馬尾松火力楠混交人工林)為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)土壤理化分析、氣壓過(guò)程分離技術(shù)(Ba PS)了解土壤碳氮轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,以及結(jié)合磷脂脂肪酸技術(shù)(PLFA)探討土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征,結(jié)果如下：(1)隨著季節(jié)的變化,三個(gè)試驗(yàn)人工林土壤呼吸和總硝化速率存在著密切相關(guān)(p0.05),2014年9月到2015年7月呈先降低后升高的過(guò)程,在2015年1月的旱季達(dá)到最低值,分別為2.63 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1和0.34 mg N kg-1 SDW d-1,在2015年7月的雨季達(dá)到最高,分別為22.44 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1和1.23mg N kg-1 SDW d-1。土壤呼吸與土壤溫度存在極顯著相關(guān)(p0.01),與土壤濕度之間存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.05),而總硝化速率與土壤濕度之間有極顯著相關(guān)(p0.01),與土壤溫度關(guān)系密切(p0.05)；土壤全氮、銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮等指標(biāo)與土壤碳氮轉(zhuǎn)化作用呈顯著的相關(guān)性(p0.05),受到土壤環(huán)境因子影響明顯。在三種林分中,由于火力楠凋落葉較多,根系發(fā)達(dá),促進(jìn)了林分物質(zhì)的循環(huán)效率,得出火力楠人工林土壤呼吸和總硝化速率顯著高于其他類(lèi)型林分(p0.05)。在對(duì)土壤環(huán)境指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析表明,土壤呼吸、總硝化速率和Q10值均受到了土壤因子、氣候因子和環(huán)境因子顯著的影響。(2)根據(jù)旱季、雨季三種人工林的PLFAs量的測(cè)定,總結(jié)得出了,旱季相對(duì)雨季變化值,放線(xiàn)菌提升最高,提升了229.5%,其次為細(xì)菌,提升了176.1%,最低為真菌,僅提升了158.1%(p0.05)。在比較土壤微生物試驗(yàn)得出,旱季的土壤微生物值大小變化為：馬尾松林混交林火力楠林；雨季的土壤微生物值大小變化為：火力楠林混交林馬尾松林。主成分分析結(jié)果表明,林分種類(lèi)與季節(jié)因子顯著影響森林土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型。隨之,結(jié)合了冗余分析表明：?jiǎn)蝹�(gè)特征磷脂脂肪酸在不同的人工林中,受到了土壤溫濕度、p H值等土壤環(huán)境因子的影響；在土壤理化性質(zhì)分析,得出單個(gè)特征磷脂脂肪酸與土壤氮含量存在密切相關(guān),與全氮和銨態(tài)氮含量呈正相關(guān)(p0.05)；另外,在不同的季節(jié)中,三個(gè)林分土壤真菌/細(xì)菌比變化大小為：混交林(1.23：1)馬尾松林(1.20：1)火力楠林(1.09：1)(p0.05),表明火力楠與馬尾松混交能夠保證土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具備了較好的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:In different types of stands, there are some limiting factors, such as litter, the difference of forest structure and the type of plant root, which affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, the formation of soil structure, and the relationship between plant and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the characteristics of artificial forest ecosystem with the knowledge of ecology and botany. With the global warming, the increase of CO2 concentration, the formation of nitrogen deposition, and the aggravation of extreme climate, the material cycle of forest ecosystem is seriously affected. Therefore, three plantations (firewood, pure Pinus massoniana forest and mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana) with similar site conditions and similar species were selected in the backhill of Guoqipo Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. Through soil physical and chemical analysis, atmospheric pressure process separation (Ba PS) technique to understand soil carbon and nitrogen conversion process, and combined with phospholipid fatty acid technology (PLFA) to explore the soil microbial community structure characteristics, the results are as follows: (1) with the seasonal change, Soil respiration and total nitrification rate of the three experimental plantations were closely related (p0.05). From September 2014 to July 2015, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate increased from September 2014 to July 2015, and reached the lowest value in the dry season in January 2015. It was 2.63 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 0.34 mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, and reached the highest in July 2015, with 22.44 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 1.23mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, respectively. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with soil temperature (p0.01), soil moisture was significantly correlated (p0.05), and total nitrification rate was significantly correlated with soil moisture (p0.01). It was closely related to soil temperature (p0.05); Soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen conversion (p0.05), which were significantly affected by soil environmental factors. Among the three stands, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate of Photinia mandshurica plantation were significantly higher than those of other types of stands (p0.05), because of the abundance of litter leaves and the developed root system, which promoted the cycling efficiency of the forest material. The correlation analysis of soil environmental indexes showed that soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were significantly affected by soil factors, climate factors and environmental factors. (2) according to the PLFAs content of three artificial forests in dry season and rainy season, the soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were determined. The results showed that actinomycetes had the highest elevation of 229.5in the dry season, followed by bacteria (176.1%) and fungi (158.1%) (p0.05). The results of soil microorganism test showed that the soil microbial value in dry season was changed as follows: Pinus massoniana mixed forest firewood and rainy season soil microbial value changed as follows: firewood mixed forest Masson pine forest. The results of principal component analysis showed that stand species and seasonal factors significantly affected the structure of forest soil microbial communities. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acids were affected by soil environmental factors such as, p H value of soil temperature and humidity in different plantations. In the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, it was found that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acid was closely related to soil nitrogen content, and positively correlated with total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content (p0.05). In addition, in different seasons, the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria in three stands varied as follows: mixed forest (1.23: 1), Pinus massoniana forest (1.20: 1), firewood forest (1.09: 1) (p0.05), The results showed that the soil ecosystem was stable in the mixture of fiery and Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714

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