發(fā)布時間：2018-10-26 11:50

【摘要】：土壤采樣是土壤研究的根本,也是造成土壤研究誤差的主要來源,盡管已出臺大量采樣規(guī)程,但在土壤科學向更精細的方向發(fā)展的大趨勢下,土壤采樣的精度提高是土壤科學向前發(fā)展的最大障礙。土壤采樣方法的研究和更新已成為土壤科學向前發(fā)展必須攻克的難關(guān)。本次研究以喀斯特石漠化退耕坡地、喀斯特森林樣地和白云巖草地三種類型共5個樣地為研究對象,以土壤有機碳作為典型指標,通過對樣地空間異質(zhì)性研究為基礎(chǔ)對常用采樣方法在喀斯特樣地2000次重復模擬比較,得出以下幾點主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論:1.喀斯特地區(qū)石灰?guī)r樣地各小生境間土壤碳差異顯著,按照小生境對喀斯特石灰?guī)r樣地土壤進行分類是比較科學的。2.相對與采樣方法,采樣點數(shù)量對樣品準確率和準確度的影響要大得多。3.采樣的準確率和準確度與采樣點數(shù)量之間線性回歸結(jié)果如下:采樣方法采樣準確率采樣準確度回歸模型決定系數(shù)回歸模型決定系數(shù)“S”型法y=0.4653e4.9053x R2=0.8573 y=0.8058e4.5397x R2=0.7957梅花法y=0.5433e4.7505x R2=0.8508 y=0.666e4.9282x R2=0.8952隨機法y=0.5438e4.9426x R2=0.9498 y=0.7058e5.0536x R2=0.8902網(wǎng)格法y=0.4016e5.3666x R2=0.9101 y=0.6443e5.1035x R2=0.8728小生境法y=0.5104e4.5613x R2=0.6714 y=0.8731e4.6995x R2=0.90394.從樣品的代表性和重現(xiàn)性角度,小生境法和“S”型法是需要采樣點數(shù)量最少的兩種采樣方法。5.綜合樣品的代表性、重現(xiàn)性及采樣方法的可操作性,在喀斯特地區(qū)進行采樣時,對于面積較小且小生境分布集中明顯的樣地,小生境法是最適方法;面積較大、小生境分布復雜或無小生境的樣地,“S”型法是最適方法。6.要達到80%的采樣準確率和70%的采樣準確度,采用小生境法在喀斯特400m2樣地進行采樣時,至少采集23個采樣點;采用“S”型法則至少需要24個采樣點。
[Abstract]:Soil sampling is the basis of soil research and the main source of errors in soil research. Although a large number of sampling procedures have been introduced, but in the general trend of soil science developing in a more precise direction, The improvement of soil sampling precision is the biggest obstacle to the development of soil science. The research and renewal of soil sampling methods has become a difficult problem for the development of soil science. In this study, five plots of karst rocky desertification, three types of karst forest and dolomite grassland were taken as the research objects, and soil organic carbon was taken as the typical index. Based on the study of spatial heterogeneity of sample plots, the following main results and conclusions are obtained: 1. 2000 repetitions of sampling methods in karst samples are obtained. There are significant differences in soil carbon among different microhabitats in limestone sample plots in karst area. It is more scientific to classify karst limestone soil according to niche. 2. Compared with the sampling method, the number of sampling points has much greater influence on the accuracy and accuracy of the sample. The results of linear regression between the accuracy and accuracy of sampling and the number of sampling points are as follows: sampling accuracy regression model determination coefficient "S" method y=0.4653e4.9053x R2O 0.8573 Y=0.8058e4.5397x R2O0.7957 y=0.5433e4.7505x R2O0.8508 y=0.666e4.9282x R2O0.8952 Random y=0.5438e4.9426x R2O0.9498 y=0.7058e5.0536x R2O0.8902 mesh method y=0.4016e5.3666x R20.9101 y=0.6443e5.1035x R2O0.8728 niche method Y0 5104e4.5613x R2P 0.6714 y=0.8731e4.6995x R2P 0.90394. From the point of view of representativeness and reproducibility of samples, niche method and "S" method are two sampling methods that require the least number of sampling points. The representative, reproducibility and maneuverability of the sampling method are integrated. When sampling in karst area, the niche method is the best method for the sample with small area and obvious niche distribution. The "S" type method is the most suitable method for the sample plots with large area and complex distribution of microhabitats or no microhabitats. In order to achieve the sampling accuracy of 80% and 70%, at least 23 sampling points are collected when the niche method is used in the karst 400m2 sampling, and at least 24 sampling points are needed to adopt the "S" type rule.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151.9

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