植物提取物的抑菌活性及其對(duì)番茄連作土壤微生物多樣性的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-17 20:37
【摘要】：番茄是廣西秋冬季的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)蔬菜之一。近年來,廣西番茄生產(chǎn)規(guī)模逐年擴(kuò)大,目前已形成以百色市田陽縣、南寧市武鳴縣等縣市為主的大規(guī)模番茄生產(chǎn)基地。番茄的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)雖然有助于節(jié)約生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸成本,但同時(shí)在同一區(qū)域常年連續(xù)地種植番茄,導(dǎo)致連作障礙現(xiàn)象普遍,目前廣西上述主要的番茄產(chǎn)區(qū)已頻現(xiàn)諸如青枯病、枯萎病等諸多土傳病害,嚴(yán)重影響番茄的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。對(duì)此,生產(chǎn)者往往過度使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥,不僅使病原菌產(chǎn)生抗藥性,而且還會(huì)引起產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全和環(huán)境污染等問題。植物提取物具有良好的抑菌、殺菌作用,擁有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。本試驗(yàn)基于廣西較為豐富的植物資源,采用煮沸和浸泡兩種方式提取7種植物的抑菌成分,并研究這7種植物提取物對(duì)番茄青枯病病原菌和枯萎病病原菌的抑制作用。同時(shí),選取抑菌效果良好的植物提取物處理番茄連作土壤,研究其對(duì)土壤生物學(xué)特性及土壤微生物多樣性的影響,旨在為解決番茄連作障礙問題提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明：(1)蛇床子、大黃、虎杖、薄荷4種植物在10g/L和15g/L濃度下,對(duì)番茄青枯病和枯萎病病原菌具有良好的抑菌效果；同時(shí),對(duì)于大部分植物而言,提取方法以煮沸法優(yōu)于浸泡法。(2)施用多菌靈會(huì)使土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量降低,但施用大黃提取物卻能增加土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量,而且,植物提取物對(duì)土壤可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量的影響效果優(yōu)于多菌靈,表明：植物提取物比化學(xué)農(nóng)藥更有助于改良土壤,三種植物提取物中以大黃提取物效果最好。(3)施用多菌靈會(huì)降低番茄連作土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、氨肽酶、磷酸酶活性。但植物提取物處理則大多數(shù)能增加上述三種酶的活性,結(jié)果表明：植物提取物處理土壤比化學(xué)農(nóng)藥多菌靈更有助于提升土壤肥力、改良土壤,其中,處理濃度以15g/L時(shí)效果最佳。(4)施用多菌靈會(huì)降低土壤MBC。與之相比,15g/L的大黃和虎杖提取物比多菌靈更有助于提高番茄連作土壤MBC和土壤MBN,從而改良土壤肥力。其中,濃度以15g/L的大黃和虎杖提取物效果最佳。(5)番茄連作導(dǎo)致土壤細(xì)菌多樣性、豐富度和均勻度指數(shù)下降；植物提取物和多菌靈均能不同程度地提高土壤細(xì)菌多樣性、豐度和均勻度指數(shù),但植物提取物的效果要優(yōu)于多菌靈,其中以濃度為100g/L的大黃效果最好。測(cè)序結(jié)果表明：無論是番茄連作、多菌靈和植物提取物處理的土壤中,土壤細(xì)菌均以Unclutured bacterium為主；但植物提取物處理土壤中,除了上述不可培養(yǎng)的細(xì)菌屬外,還發(fā)現(xiàn)含有Flavobacterium sp., Chitinophagaceae bacteria、Pseudomonas sp.和Sphingomonas sp.等屬；其中Pseudomonas sp.和Sphingomonas sp.被視為土壤中的有益微生物。
[Abstract]:Tomato is one of the main dominant vegetables in autumn and winter in Guangxi. In recent years, the scale of tomato production in Guangxi has been expanded year by year, and now it has formed a large scale tomato production base in Baise Tianyang County, Nanning City Wuming County and other counties and cities. Although the large-scale production of tomatoes helps to save production and transportation costs, but at the same time in the same region of the perennial continuous cultivation of tomatoes, the phenomenon of continuous cropping obstacles is widespread. At present, the main tomato production areas mentioned above in Guangxi have been frequently found such as bacterial wilt. Many soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt, seriously affect the yield and quality of tomato. For this reason, producers often overuse chemical pesticides, which not only lead to drug resistance of pathogens, but also lead to problems of product quality, safety and environmental pollution. Plant extracts have good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects and have a wide application prospect. Based on the abundant plant resources in Guangxi, the antibacterial components of 7 plants were extracted by boiling and soaking, and the inhibitory effects of the seven plant extracts on the pathogens of tomato bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt were studied. At the same time, plant extracts with good bacteriostatic effect were selected to treat tomato continuous cropping soil, and the effects on soil biological characteristics and soil microbial diversity were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for solving the problem of tomato continuous cropping obstacle. The results showed that: (1) four species of plants, such as Cnidium cnidii, Rhubarb, Polygonum cuspidatum and Menthol, had a good bacteriostasis effect on bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt of tomato at the concentration of 10g/L and 15g/L, and at the same time, for most plants, The extraction method was better than the soaking method. (2) applying carbendazim could reduce the number of culturable microorganisms in soil, but the application of rhubarb extract could increase the number of culturable microorganisms in soil. The effect of plant extracts on the number of culturable microorganisms in soil was better than that of carbendazim, which indicated that plant extracts were more helpful than chemical pesticides in improving soil. (3) the application of carbendazim could reduce the activities of 尾 -glucosidase, aminopeptidase and phosphatase in tomato soil. However, most of the plant extracts can increase the activity of the above three enzymes. The results show that the treatment of plant extracts can improve soil fertility and improve soil fertility more than the chemical pesticide carbendazim. (4) the application of carbendazim can reduce soil MBC.. Compared with carbendazim, the extracts of rhubarb and Polygonum cuspidatum from 15g/L could improve soil fertility by improving soil MBC and MBN,. The concentration of rhubarb and Polygonum cuspidatum extract from 15g/L was the best. (5) continuous cultivation of tomato resulted in the decrease of soil bacterial diversity, richness and evenness index, and the plant extract and carbendazim could improve the soil bacterial diversity to some extent. Abundance and evenness index, but the effect of plant extract was better than carbendazim, and rhubarb with concentration of 100g/L was the best. The results of sequencing showed that Unclutured bacterium was the main bacteria in the soil treated with carbendazim and plant extract, but in the treatment of plant extract, except for the unculturable bacteria, Also found to contain Flavobacterium sp., Chitinophagaceae bacteria,Pseudomonas sp. And Sphingomonas sp. Equal genus; of which Pseudomonas sp. And Sphingomonas sp. It is regarded as a beneficial microorganism in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S436.412.1;S154.3
本文編號(hào)：2277894
[Abstract]:Tomato is one of the main dominant vegetables in autumn and winter in Guangxi. In recent years, the scale of tomato production in Guangxi has been expanded year by year, and now it has formed a large scale tomato production base in Baise Tianyang County, Nanning City Wuming County and other counties and cities. Although the large-scale production of tomatoes helps to save production and transportation costs, but at the same time in the same region of the perennial continuous cultivation of tomatoes, the phenomenon of continuous cropping obstacles is widespread. At present, the main tomato production areas mentioned above in Guangxi have been frequently found such as bacterial wilt. Many soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt, seriously affect the yield and quality of tomato. For this reason, producers often overuse chemical pesticides, which not only lead to drug resistance of pathogens, but also lead to problems of product quality, safety and environmental pollution. Plant extracts have good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects and have a wide application prospect. Based on the abundant plant resources in Guangxi, the antibacterial components of 7 plants were extracted by boiling and soaking, and the inhibitory effects of the seven plant extracts on the pathogens of tomato bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt were studied. At the same time, plant extracts with good bacteriostatic effect were selected to treat tomato continuous cropping soil, and the effects on soil biological characteristics and soil microbial diversity were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for solving the problem of tomato continuous cropping obstacle. The results showed that: (1) four species of plants, such as Cnidium cnidii, Rhubarb, Polygonum cuspidatum and Menthol, had a good bacteriostasis effect on bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt of tomato at the concentration of 10g/L and 15g/L, and at the same time, for most plants, The extraction method was better than the soaking method. (2) applying carbendazim could reduce the number of culturable microorganisms in soil, but the application of rhubarb extract could increase the number of culturable microorganisms in soil. The effect of plant extracts on the number of culturable microorganisms in soil was better than that of carbendazim, which indicated that plant extracts were more helpful than chemical pesticides in improving soil. (3) the application of carbendazim could reduce the activities of 尾 -glucosidase, aminopeptidase and phosphatase in tomato soil. However, most of the plant extracts can increase the activity of the above three enzymes. The results show that the treatment of plant extracts can improve soil fertility and improve soil fertility more than the chemical pesticide carbendazim. (4) the application of carbendazim can reduce soil MBC.. Compared with carbendazim, the extracts of rhubarb and Polygonum cuspidatum from 15g/L could improve soil fertility by improving soil MBC and MBN,. The concentration of rhubarb and Polygonum cuspidatum extract from 15g/L was the best. (5) continuous cultivation of tomato resulted in the decrease of soil bacterial diversity, richness and evenness index, and the plant extract and carbendazim could improve the soil bacterial diversity to some extent. Abundance and evenness index, but the effect of plant extract was better than carbendazim, and rhubarb with concentration of 100g/L was the best. The results of sequencing showed that Unclutured bacterium was the main bacteria in the soil treated with carbendazim and plant extract, but in the treatment of plant extract, except for the unculturable bacteria, Also found to contain Flavobacterium sp., Chitinophagaceae bacteria,Pseudomonas sp. And Sphingomonas sp. Equal genus; of which Pseudomonas sp. And Sphingomonas sp. It is regarded as a beneficial microorganism in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S436.412.1;S154.3
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