冬小麥霜凍害模擬方法及其與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)融合初探
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 20:40
【摘要】：小麥?zhǔn)俏覈Z食系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分,其播種面積、總產(chǎn)和單產(chǎn)量僅次于水稻和玉米,糧食消費(fèi)總額占全國比重的20%左右。在小麥的種植結(jié)構(gòu)中,冬小麥占到了80%以上,但由于其生長周期較長,歷經(jīng)整個冬季,時有極端低溫和溫度驟升驟降等問題發(fā)生,氣候環(huán)境條件變化較大,嚴(yán)重影響冬小麥生產(chǎn),威脅糧食安全。冬小麥霜凍害模擬系統(tǒng)可及時掌握冬小麥生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的溫度變化,加強(qiáng)對霜凍災(zāi)害快速準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測和預(yù)警,為用戶爭取更多時間根據(jù)田間情況和災(zāi)害狀況調(diào)整冬小麥生產(chǎn)管理方案。因此加強(qiáng)霜凍害模擬系統(tǒng)的研究對提高冬小麥生產(chǎn)管理水平,實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收具有重要的意義。本研究依靠國家農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項課題(200903010)“小麥苗情數(shù)字化遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控與診斷管理關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”,農(nóng)業(yè)部(948)計劃項目(2011-G9)“中國農(nóng)業(yè)適應(yīng)氣候變化關(guān)鍵技術(shù)引進(jìn)”和“十二五”支撐計劃課題(2011BAD32B03)“重大農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害防控與管理技術(shù)與示范”,由中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所牽頭,提供基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺建設(shè)和遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控設(shè)備。針對加拿大FROSTOL模型進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的分析,并探討了與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)結(jié)合的可行性,基于作物模型學(xué)與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù),設(shè)計構(gòu)建了冬小麥霜凍害模擬系統(tǒng)。本研究通過對FROSTOL模型的深入研究,剖析了模型的基本原理和運(yùn)算機(jī)制,并根據(jù)FROSTOL模型內(nèi)部算法,結(jié)合實際應(yīng)用,建立了新模擬系統(tǒng)的模擬模塊。同時分析了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)特點(diǎn),充分利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在數(shù)據(jù)獲取、傳輸?shù)确矫娴奶攸c(diǎn)及優(yōu)勢,提出作物模型與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相結(jié)合的模擬系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案,并對這種將兩種科學(xué)技術(shù)相結(jié)合的模擬系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部構(gòu)架層次重新劃分,體現(xiàn)模擬系統(tǒng)的功能特性。本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案在應(yīng)用管理部分主要采用瀏覽器/服務(wù)器模式(Browser/Server),采用C#計算機(jī)語言,在.NET環(huán)境下編譯運(yùn)行。結(jié)合前期研究運(yùn)行在WEB服務(wù)器上的一系列配套應(yīng)用軟件并在此基礎(chǔ)上加以完善實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)信息的采集、處理和存儲。模擬系統(tǒng)具有良好的便用性、維護(hù)性和可擴(kuò)展性,便于進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。模擬系統(tǒng)主要分為數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸、災(zāi)害模擬預(yù)警、系統(tǒng)管理、用戶管理和應(yīng)用幫助5個模塊,這些模塊負(fù)責(zé)實現(xiàn)動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)的遠(yuǎn)程接收、運(yùn)算、霜凍災(zāi)害模擬和用戶管理操作。通過農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺將監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)傳送到模擬運(yùn)算中心,并根據(jù)模擬作物L(fēng)T50(臨界致死溫度:冬作物越冬期間50%的植株受凍死亡時的最低溫度)數(shù)值與實測溫度進(jìn)行對比來界定冬小麥霜凍災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,發(fā)出預(yù)警,為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作提供技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Wheat is an important part of the grain system in China, its sowing area, total yield and single yield are second only to rice and corn, and the total grain consumption accounts for about 20% of the whole country. In the planting structure of wheat, winter wheat accounts for more than 80%, but because of its long growth cycle, after the whole winter, there are some problems such as extreme low temperature and sudden drop of temperature, so the climatic and environmental conditions change greatly. Seriously affects the winter wheat production, threatens the grain security. The simulation system of winter wheat frost injury can grasp the temperature change of winter wheat production environment in time, strengthen the quick and accurate monitoring and early warning of frost disaster, and buy more time for the user to adjust the winter wheat production management scheme according to the field situation and disaster condition. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of frost injury simulation system to improve the production and management level of winter wheat and to increase the yield and income of winter wheat. This study relies on the National Ministry of Agriculture Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Special Project (200903010) "Wheat seedling digital remote monitoring and diagnosis management key technology", Ministry of Agriculture (948) Program Project (2011-G9), "introduction of key Technologies for Agricultural adaptation to Climate change in China" and "Technology and demonstration of Prevention and Management of Major Agrometeorological disasters" (2011BAD32B03), Led by the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it provides basic network platform construction and remote monitoring equipment. The Canadian FROSTOL model was analyzed systematically, and the feasibility of combining with the Internet of things technology was discussed. Based on crop modelology and Internet of things technology, the simulation system of winter wheat frost injury was designed and constructed. In this study, the basic principle and operation mechanism of the FROSTOL model are analyzed, and the simulation module of the new simulation system is established according to the internal algorithm of the FROSTOL model and the practical application. At the same time, the characteristics of the Internet of things are analyzed, and the characteristics and advantages of the Internet of things in data acquisition and transmission are fully utilized, and the design scheme of simulation system combining crop model and Internet of things is put forward. The internal architecture of the simulation system, which combines the two kinds of science and technology, is reclassified to reflect the functional characteristics of the simulation system. In the part of application management, this system mainly adopts browser / server mode (Browser/Server), adopts C # computer language, compiles and runs in. Net environment. Combined with a series of application software running on the WEB server in the early stage, the data information collection, processing and storage can be realized on the basis of it. The simulation system has good convenience, maintainability and expansibility, and is convenient for further development. The simulation system is mainly divided into five modules: data collection and transmission, disaster simulation and warning, system management, user management and application help. These modules are responsible for remote receiving of dynamic data, calculation, frost disaster simulation and user management. The transmission of monitoring data to the analog computing center through the agricultural Internet of things platform, According to the LT50 (critical lethal temperature: the lowest temperature of 50% plants in winter) and the measured temperature, the occurrence of frost disaster of winter wheat was determined and early warning was issued. Provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S512.11;S425;S126
本文編號：2166959
[Abstract]:Wheat is an important part of the grain system in China, its sowing area, total yield and single yield are second only to rice and corn, and the total grain consumption accounts for about 20% of the whole country. In the planting structure of wheat, winter wheat accounts for more than 80%, but because of its long growth cycle, after the whole winter, there are some problems such as extreme low temperature and sudden drop of temperature, so the climatic and environmental conditions change greatly. Seriously affects the winter wheat production, threatens the grain security. The simulation system of winter wheat frost injury can grasp the temperature change of winter wheat production environment in time, strengthen the quick and accurate monitoring and early warning of frost disaster, and buy more time for the user to adjust the winter wheat production management scheme according to the field situation and disaster condition. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of frost injury simulation system to improve the production and management level of winter wheat and to increase the yield and income of winter wheat. This study relies on the National Ministry of Agriculture Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Special Project (200903010) "Wheat seedling digital remote monitoring and diagnosis management key technology", Ministry of Agriculture (948) Program Project (2011-G9), "introduction of key Technologies for Agricultural adaptation to Climate change in China" and "Technology and demonstration of Prevention and Management of Major Agrometeorological disasters" (2011BAD32B03), Led by the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it provides basic network platform construction and remote monitoring equipment. The Canadian FROSTOL model was analyzed systematically, and the feasibility of combining with the Internet of things technology was discussed. Based on crop modelology and Internet of things technology, the simulation system of winter wheat frost injury was designed and constructed. In this study, the basic principle and operation mechanism of the FROSTOL model are analyzed, and the simulation module of the new simulation system is established according to the internal algorithm of the FROSTOL model and the practical application. At the same time, the characteristics of the Internet of things are analyzed, and the characteristics and advantages of the Internet of things in data acquisition and transmission are fully utilized, and the design scheme of simulation system combining crop model and Internet of things is put forward. The internal architecture of the simulation system, which combines the two kinds of science and technology, is reclassified to reflect the functional characteristics of the simulation system. In the part of application management, this system mainly adopts browser / server mode (Browser/Server), adopts C # computer language, compiles and runs in. Net environment. Combined with a series of application software running on the WEB server in the early stage, the data information collection, processing and storage can be realized on the basis of it. The simulation system has good convenience, maintainability and expansibility, and is convenient for further development. The simulation system is mainly divided into five modules: data collection and transmission, disaster simulation and warning, system management, user management and application help. These modules are responsible for remote receiving of dynamic data, calculation, frost disaster simulation and user management. The transmission of monitoring data to the analog computing center through the agricultural Internet of things platform, According to the LT50 (critical lethal temperature: the lowest temperature of 50% plants in winter) and the measured temperature, the occurrence of frost disaster of winter wheat was determined and early warning was issued. Provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S512.11;S425;S126
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