黃土丘陵區(qū)梯田土壤質(zhì)量演變及培肥效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 19:19
【摘要】：針對黃土丘陵區(qū)梯田土壤培肥管理需求和梯田土壤質(zhì)量演變的科學(xué)問題,以隴東和陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)為研究區(qū),以莊浪縣耕地質(zhì)量評價數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,分析了隴東黃土區(qū)梯田土壤養(yǎng)分分布特征及其影響因素。以隴東黃土丘陵區(qū)不同年限梯田為研究對象,以坡耕地為對照,分析坡耕地改造梯田后,土壤質(zhì)量及各指標(biāo)的演變過程。為了評價長期培肥黃土丘陵區(qū)梯田作物輪作系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性,本文基于三角形面積法,采樣測定了長期施肥試驗小區(qū)(21年)的土壤理化屬性及作物產(chǎn)量,并計算出可持續(xù)性指數(shù)。以安塞站連續(xù)21年的長期養(yǎng)分試驗為依據(jù),對長年監(jiān)測土壤養(yǎng)分數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,探究長期培肥土壤養(yǎng)分演變規(guī)律。研究不同年限梯田土壤質(zhì)量演變特征及影響因素、不同培肥措施下土壤質(zhì)量動態(tài)變化,明確梯田土壤質(zhì)量演變速率、程度和潛力,為梯田土壤保育和管理提供依據(jù),對提升區(qū)域農(nóng)田土壤生產(chǎn)力、提高和穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn)、促進區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重要的科學(xué)和現(xiàn)實意義。取得主要結(jié)論如下:1、隴東黃土丘陵區(qū)梯田土壤大量和微量養(yǎng)分處于中等水平,有較大面積土壤缺硼。土壤大量養(yǎng)分和微量養(yǎng)分空間變異特征主要受土壤類型的影響。莊浪縣梯田土壤全磷和速效磷含量處于高等水平,速效鉀含量屬于較高水平,有機質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮、有效銅、有效錳和有效鐵含量處于中等水平,有效鋅和有效硼含量處于中下水平,且有較大面積的土壤缺硼。土壤類型對土壤大量養(yǎng)分的空間變異的貢獻率達51.81%,海拔影響次之,貢獻率為23.60%。隨著海拔的升高,土壤大量養(yǎng)分綜合指數(shù)在中高水平所占比例相應(yīng)增加。土壤微量養(yǎng)分空間變異性與土壤類型、土壤質(zhì)地、海拔有關(guān),土壤類型對微量養(yǎng)分空間變異的貢獻率最高,為69.41%,土壤質(zhì)地、海拔的貢獻率分別為17.65%,11.76%。2、隨著梯田利用年限延長,土壤質(zhì)量顯著提高并優(yōu)于坡耕地,坡改梯近50年后土壤質(zhì)量趨于穩(wěn)定。土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮含量增長最快,土壤物理和生物指標(biāo)增長較慢。梯田土壤質(zhì)量空間變異主要受梯田年限、海拔、坡向、有機肥和化肥施用量綜合影響。坡改梯當(dāng)年,大多數(shù)指標(biāo)顯著降低,容重顯著增加。隨著梯田利用年限延長,土壤質(zhì)量顯著提高,之后趨于穩(wěn)定。坡改梯后,土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮含量增長最快,土壤物理和生物指標(biāo)增長較慢。有機質(zhì)、全氮、MWD、脲酶和SQI的恢復(fù)趨勢符合y=axb模型。土壤質(zhì)量空間變異受梯田年限、海拔、坡向、培肥的綜合影響,梯田年限貢獻率最大,達到54.55%;海拔和坡向次之,均為18.18%;培肥貢獻率較小,為9.10%。3、陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)長期培肥可提高梯田農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性。施肥可有效提高梯田土壤質(zhì)量,有機肥的效果優(yōu)于化肥,施用化肥在當(dāng)前輪作系統(tǒng)中不可持續(xù)。長期培肥下土壤團聚體的數(shù)量和穩(wěn)定性均較對照有不同程度的提高。施用有機肥對土壤團聚體、養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)和生物指標(biāo)均有顯著提高。施用化肥,除磷、鉀肥對速效磷、鉀含量的顯著提高外,增幅大多未達到顯著水平,磷鉀肥配施(PK)下多數(shù)指標(biāo)含量最低。養(yǎng)分指數(shù)、生物指數(shù)、作物指數(shù)及可持續(xù)性指數(shù)較對照增加了117.7%、113.6%、81.0%和159.0%。施用有機肥和化肥與對照相比均具有效果更優(yōu)的可持續(xù)性,施用有機肥可持續(xù)性指數(shù)高出臨界值6%~54%,但施用化肥均低于可持續(xù)性臨界值,在當(dāng)前的作物輪作系統(tǒng)中不可持續(xù)。有機肥和氮磷配施處理(MNP)是研究區(qū)梯田農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的最佳施肥模式。4、陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)長期培肥下梯田土壤肥力質(zhì)量有不同程度的提高,有機肥具有較長的持久性。有機肥和化肥均對土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮含量具有持續(xù)的增長效果,然而有機肥的效果顯著優(yōu)于化肥,且具有較好的持續(xù)效果,其中,單施有機肥(M)的增長效果最為突出,氮鉀肥配施(NK)效果最差。有機肥對土壤堿解氮和速效鉀含量具有顯著的增長效果,而長期施用化肥的土壤堿解氮含量降低或者未有顯著變化。速效磷含量隨磷肥的施用而顯著提高,有機肥的施用可提高土壤速效磷含量的增長速度。施用鉀肥可促進速效鉀含量前期快速提高,但持久性較有機肥低。有機肥和化肥對土壤肥力質(zhì)量(FI)均有不同程度的提高,但有機肥顯著優(yōu)于化肥。單施有機肥(M)有較好的持續(xù)效果,氮磷鉀肥配施(NPK)的持續(xù)效果較差。
[Abstract]:In view of the scientific problems of soil fertility management in terraced fields in the hilly loess hilly region and the scientific problems in the evolution of terraced soil quality, the loess hilly area of eastern and Northern Shaanxi is taken as the research area. The distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the influencing factors of terraced soil in the Loess Region of Eastern Gansu are analyzed with the data of the evaluation of cultivated land quality in Zhuanglang county. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the crop rotation system for the terraced farmland in the Loess Hilly Region, based on the triangle area method, the soil physical and chemical properties of the long term fertilization trial plot (21 years) were measured. The sustainability index was calculated. Based on the long-term nutrient test for 21 years in Ansai station, the soil nutrient data of long year monitoring were analyzed, and the evolution regularity of soil nutrients in long term fertilized soil was explored. The characteristics of soil quality evolution and the influence factors of different years of terraced soil were studied, and the dynamic changes of soil quality under Different Fertilizer Cultivation measures were made. The evolution rate, degree and potential of soil quality in terraced field provide a basis for soil conservation and management in terraced fields. It has important scientific and practical significance for improving the productivity of farmland soil, improving and stabilizing grain production and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the soil of terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Eastern Gansu is large and micro. The amount of nutrient in the soil is at the middle level, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The spatial variation characteristics of soil mass and micronutrients are mainly influenced by soil types. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in terraced soil in Zhuanglang county is higher, the content of available potassium is higher, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective copper, effective manganese and effective iron content. The amount of effective zinc and available boron is in the middle and lower levels, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The contribution rate of soil type to the spatial variation of soil nutrients is 51.81%, the altitude influence is second, the contribution rate is 23.60%. with the elevation of altitude, the proportion of soil nutrient comprehensive index in the middle and high level increases correspondingly. The spatial variability of soil micronutrients is related to soil types, soil texture and altitude, and the contribution rate of soil types to the spatial variation of micronutrients is the highest, 69.41%, the contribution rate of soil texture and elevation is 17.65%, 11.76%.2 respectively. With the extension of the terraced field, the soil quality is significantly improved and superior to the slope land, and the slope is changed nearly 50 years later. Soil quality tended to be stable. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased rapidly, and soil physical and biological indicators increased slowly. The spatial variation of soil quality in terraced fields was mainly affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, organic manure and fertilizer application. Most of the indexes decreased significantly and bulk density increased significantly in the year of slope upgrading. With the utilization of terraced fields, the soil quality was significantly increased. The soil quality increased significantly and then stabilized. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased fastest and the soil physical and biological indexes increased slowly. The recovery trend of organic matter, total nitrogen, MWD, urease and SQI conformed to the y=axb model. The spatial variation of soil quality was affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, fertilizer cultivation, terraced fields The contribution rate of the year is the highest, reaching 54.55%, the elevation and the slope are all 18.18%, the contribution rate of the fertilizer is small, it is 9.10%.3, the long-term fertilization of the Loess Hilly Area in Northern Shaanxi can improve the sustainability of the terrace agricultural system. The fertilization can effectively improve the soil quality of the terraced fields, the effect of organic fertilizer is better than the chemical fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer is not sustainable in the current rotation system. The amount and stability of soil aggregates were improved in different degrees under long term fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer to soil aggregates, nutrient indicators and biological indexes increased significantly. The increase in the content of available phosphorus and potassium increased significantly by the application of fertilizer, phosphorus removal and potassium fertilizer. Most of the increase was not significant, and most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application (PK) was applied. The nutrient index, biological index, crop index and sustainability index increased by 117.7%, 113.6%, 81% and 159.0%. with organic manure and chemical fertilizer, which had better effect on the photo ratio. The application of organic fertilizer sustainability index was higher than 6%~54%, but the application of chemical fertilizer was lower than the sustainability critical. It is not sustainable in the current crop rotation system. Organic manure and nitrogen and phosphorus treatment (MNP) are the best fertilization mode.4 in the terraced field agricultural system in the study area. The soil fertility quality of the terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi is improved in varying degrees, and the organic manure has long persistence. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer are both to soil organic matter, The total nitrogen content has a sustained growth effect, but the effect of organic manure is significantly better than that of chemical fertilizer, and it has a good continuous effect. Among them, the growth effect of single application organic fertilizer (M) is the most prominent, and the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application (NK) is the worst. Organic manure has significant increase effect on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content, and the long-term application of fertilizer soil. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen decreased or no significant change. The content of available phosphorus increased significantly with the application of phosphate fertilizer. The application of organic manure could increase the rate of increasing soil available P. The application of potassium fertilizer could promote the rapid increase of potassium content in the early stage, but it had lower permanence than organic fertilizer. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer had no effect on soil fertility quality (FI). Organic fertilizer was superior to chemical fertilizer in the same degree. Organic fertilizer (M) alone had a better sustained effect, but NPK had a poor sustained effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158
本文編號：2166747
[Abstract]:In view of the scientific problems of soil fertility management in terraced fields in the hilly loess hilly region and the scientific problems in the evolution of terraced soil quality, the loess hilly area of eastern and Northern Shaanxi is taken as the research area. The distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the influencing factors of terraced soil in the Loess Region of Eastern Gansu are analyzed with the data of the evaluation of cultivated land quality in Zhuanglang county. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the crop rotation system for the terraced farmland in the Loess Hilly Region, based on the triangle area method, the soil physical and chemical properties of the long term fertilization trial plot (21 years) were measured. The sustainability index was calculated. Based on the long-term nutrient test for 21 years in Ansai station, the soil nutrient data of long year monitoring were analyzed, and the evolution regularity of soil nutrients in long term fertilized soil was explored. The characteristics of soil quality evolution and the influence factors of different years of terraced soil were studied, and the dynamic changes of soil quality under Different Fertilizer Cultivation measures were made. The evolution rate, degree and potential of soil quality in terraced field provide a basis for soil conservation and management in terraced fields. It has important scientific and practical significance for improving the productivity of farmland soil, improving and stabilizing grain production and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the soil of terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Eastern Gansu is large and micro. The amount of nutrient in the soil is at the middle level, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The spatial variation characteristics of soil mass and micronutrients are mainly influenced by soil types. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in terraced soil in Zhuanglang county is higher, the content of available potassium is higher, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective copper, effective manganese and effective iron content. The amount of effective zinc and available boron is in the middle and lower levels, and there is a large area of soil boron deficiency. The contribution rate of soil type to the spatial variation of soil nutrients is 51.81%, the altitude influence is second, the contribution rate is 23.60%. with the elevation of altitude, the proportion of soil nutrient comprehensive index in the middle and high level increases correspondingly. The spatial variability of soil micronutrients is related to soil types, soil texture and altitude, and the contribution rate of soil types to the spatial variation of micronutrients is the highest, 69.41%, the contribution rate of soil texture and elevation is 17.65%, 11.76%.2 respectively. With the extension of the terraced field, the soil quality is significantly improved and superior to the slope land, and the slope is changed nearly 50 years later. Soil quality tended to be stable. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased rapidly, and soil physical and biological indicators increased slowly. The spatial variation of soil quality in terraced fields was mainly affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, organic manure and fertilizer application. Most of the indexes decreased significantly and bulk density increased significantly in the year of slope upgrading. With the utilization of terraced fields, the soil quality was significantly increased. The soil quality increased significantly and then stabilized. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased fastest and the soil physical and biological indexes increased slowly. The recovery trend of organic matter, total nitrogen, MWD, urease and SQI conformed to the y=axb model. The spatial variation of soil quality was affected by the years of terraced fields, elevation, slope direction, fertilizer cultivation, terraced fields The contribution rate of the year is the highest, reaching 54.55%, the elevation and the slope are all 18.18%, the contribution rate of the fertilizer is small, it is 9.10%.3, the long-term fertilization of the Loess Hilly Area in Northern Shaanxi can improve the sustainability of the terrace agricultural system. The fertilization can effectively improve the soil quality of the terraced fields, the effect of organic fertilizer is better than the chemical fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer is not sustainable in the current rotation system. The amount and stability of soil aggregates were improved in different degrees under long term fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer to soil aggregates, nutrient indicators and biological indexes increased significantly. The increase in the content of available phosphorus and potassium increased significantly by the application of fertilizer, phosphorus removal and potassium fertilizer. Most of the increase was not significant, and most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application (PK) was applied. The nutrient index, biological index, crop index and sustainability index increased by 117.7%, 113.6%, 81% and 159.0%. with organic manure and chemical fertilizer, which had better effect on the photo ratio. The application of organic fertilizer sustainability index was higher than 6%~54%, but the application of chemical fertilizer was lower than the sustainability critical. It is not sustainable in the current crop rotation system. Organic manure and nitrogen and phosphorus treatment (MNP) are the best fertilization mode.4 in the terraced field agricultural system in the study area. The soil fertility quality of the terraced fields in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi is improved in varying degrees, and the organic manure has long persistence. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer are both to soil organic matter, The total nitrogen content has a sustained growth effect, but the effect of organic manure is significantly better than that of chemical fertilizer, and it has a good continuous effect. Among them, the growth effect of single application organic fertilizer (M) is the most prominent, and the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application (NK) is the worst. Organic manure has significant increase effect on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content, and the long-term application of fertilizer soil. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen decreased or no significant change. The content of available phosphorus increased significantly with the application of phosphate fertilizer. The application of organic manure could increase the rate of increasing soil available P. The application of potassium fertilizer could promote the rapid increase of potassium content in the early stage, but it had lower permanence than organic fertilizer. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer had no effect on soil fertility quality (FI). Organic fertilizer was superior to chemical fertilizer in the same degree. Organic fertilizer (M) alone had a better sustained effect, but NPK had a poor sustained effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 曹慧,孫輝,楊浩,孫波,趙其國;土壤酶活性及其對土壤質(zhì)量的指示研究進展[J];應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報;2003年01期
2 呂曉男,孟賜福,麻萬諸,陳曉佳;土壤質(zhì)量及其演變[J];浙江農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報;2004年02期
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