小白山等跳科系統(tǒng)分類及桃樹林土壤動物多樣性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 21:51
【摘要】：本文對張家口市小白山地區(qū)等跳科(Isotomidae)的系統(tǒng)分類及小白山桃樹林中土壤動物的多樣性進行了調(diào)查研究。介紹了等跳科的國內(nèi)外研究歷史與現(xiàn)狀、形態(tài)特征及研究方法,給出了等跳科中國已知屬的檢索表。根據(jù)等跳科的角后器、小眼、彈器等形態(tài)特征和世界已知種的檢索表,對小白山地區(qū)的等跳科進行了系統(tǒng)分類,經(jīng)鑒定隸屬于5屬10種,分別為德跳屬(D.divergens,D.multisetis,D.trispinata)、符跳屬(F.octoculata)、裔符跳屬(F.centralis)、等節(jié)跳屬(I.anglicana,I.nepalica,I.riparia,I.viridis)和圖跳屬(T.hebeiensis sp.nov)。其中T.hebeiensis sp.nov為1個新種。對等跳科的5個屬(德跳屬、符跳屬、裔符跳屬、等節(jié)跳屬和圖跳屬)進行了整理和描述,給出了符跳屬中國已知種的檢索表和圖跳屬世界已知種的檢索表,詳細的描述了10個種(D.divergens,D.multisetis,D.trispinata,F.octoculata,F.centralis,I.anglicana,I.nepalica,I.riparia,I.viridis和T.hebeiensis sp.nov)的形態(tài)特征,并繪制了各種的形態(tài)特征圖。選取了小白山桃樹林中3個具有代表性的樣方,采用手撿法和五點取樣法相結(jié)合的方法收集土壤動物,共獲得土壤樣品54個。運用Tullgren干漏斗法分離土壤樣品中的土壤動物,共獲得土壤動物4350只,隸屬于2綱4目7科。其中優(yōu)勢類群為粉螨科、奧甲螨科、囊螨科、棘跳科,分別占個體總數(shù)的44.83%、19.54%、17.24%、12.64%;常見類群為羅甲螨科、搖蚊科、薪甲科,分別占個體總數(shù)的2.30%、2.30%、1.15%;沒有稀有類群。土壤動物個體數(shù)的垂直分布不具有表聚現(xiàn)象。3個樣方的土壤動物多樣性存在著一定的差異。Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')的大小排列順序為樣方2樣方1樣方3;Pielou均勻度指數(shù)(Jsw)的大小排列順序為樣方3樣方2樣方1;Simpson優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)(C)的大小排列順序為樣方1樣方3樣方2;Margalef豐富度指數(shù)(M)的大小排列順序為樣方2樣方1樣方3。樣方之間的相似性為中等相似。本研究為小白山地區(qū)等跳科的系統(tǒng)分類及相關(guān)研究提供了基礎(chǔ)資料;為小白山桃樹林桃產(chǎn)量的提高、科學(xué)管理以及土壤動物多樣性的保護提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The systematic classification of (Isotomidae) in Xiaobai Mountain area of Zhangjiakou City and the diversity of soil animals in the forest of Xiaobaishantao were investigated in this paper. This paper introduces the research history and present situation, morphological characteristics and research methods of Isochonidae at home and abroad, and gives a search table of the known genera of Isohopaceae in China. According to the morphological characteristics of the family isopodiaceae, such as horniness, small eye, projectile and so on, and according to the retrieval table of known species in the world, the isopodidae in Xiaobai Mountain area were systematically classified and identified as belonging to 10 species belonging to 5 genera. They are D. divergensus D. multisetisd D. trispinata, F.octoculata, F.centralis, I. nepalicia, I. riparia and T.hebeiensis sp.nov, respectively. T.hebeiensis sp.nov is a new species. In this paper, five genera of the genus Euphorbia (Tetranychus, Eupacia, Isokopsis, Isokoptera) have been arranged and described, and the search tables of the known species in China and the known species in the world have been given. The morphological characteristics of 10 species (D. divergensus D. multisetisa, F. octoculata F. centralisana I. nepalicia Iriparia I. viridis and T.hebeiensis sp.nov) are described in detail, and various morphological features are plotted. The soil animals were collected by hand picking method and five-point sampling method, and 54 soil samples were obtained. Soil animals were isolated from soil samples by Tullgren dry funnel method. A total of 4350 soil animals were obtained, belonging to 2 classes, 4 orders and 7 families. Among them, the dominant groups were Acaridae, Acaridae, acariidae and Acanthidae, which accounted for 44.83% of the total number of individuals, respectively, and 19.54m 17.247.24v 12.64cm, and the common groups were Aracidae, Chironomidae and Geniaceae, which accounted for 2.302.301.15 of the total number of individuals, respectively, and there were no rare groups. The vertical distribution of individual number of soil animals has no apparent aggregation phenomenon. There are some differences in soil animal diversity among the three plots. The order of the size of Shannon-Wiener index (H') is that of the size of sample 2, sample 1, sample 3, Pielou evenness index (Jsw). The order of listing was as follows: the order of dominance index (C) was that of sample 1, 2, 2, 2, and the order of the size of (M) was that of 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 and 3. The similarity between the samples is medium similarity. This study provides the basic data for the systematic classification and related research of the isopodidae in Xiaobai Mountain area, and provides the theoretical basis for the increase of peach yield, the scientific management and the protection of the diversity of soil animals in Xiaobaishantao forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154;Q969
本文編號：2165276
[Abstract]:The systematic classification of (Isotomidae) in Xiaobai Mountain area of Zhangjiakou City and the diversity of soil animals in the forest of Xiaobaishantao were investigated in this paper. This paper introduces the research history and present situation, morphological characteristics and research methods of Isochonidae at home and abroad, and gives a search table of the known genera of Isohopaceae in China. According to the morphological characteristics of the family isopodiaceae, such as horniness, small eye, projectile and so on, and according to the retrieval table of known species in the world, the isopodidae in Xiaobai Mountain area were systematically classified and identified as belonging to 10 species belonging to 5 genera. They are D. divergensus D. multisetisd D. trispinata, F.octoculata, F.centralis, I. nepalicia, I. riparia and T.hebeiensis sp.nov, respectively. T.hebeiensis sp.nov is a new species. In this paper, five genera of the genus Euphorbia (Tetranychus, Eupacia, Isokopsis, Isokoptera) have been arranged and described, and the search tables of the known species in China and the known species in the world have been given. The morphological characteristics of 10 species (D. divergensus D. multisetisa, F. octoculata F. centralisana I. nepalicia Iriparia I. viridis and T.hebeiensis sp.nov) are described in detail, and various morphological features are plotted. The soil animals were collected by hand picking method and five-point sampling method, and 54 soil samples were obtained. Soil animals were isolated from soil samples by Tullgren dry funnel method. A total of 4350 soil animals were obtained, belonging to 2 classes, 4 orders and 7 families. Among them, the dominant groups were Acaridae, Acaridae, acariidae and Acanthidae, which accounted for 44.83% of the total number of individuals, respectively, and 19.54m 17.247.24v 12.64cm, and the common groups were Aracidae, Chironomidae and Geniaceae, which accounted for 2.302.301.15 of the total number of individuals, respectively, and there were no rare groups. The vertical distribution of individual number of soil animals has no apparent aggregation phenomenon. There are some differences in soil animal diversity among the three plots. The order of the size of Shannon-Wiener index (H') is that of the size of sample 2, sample 1, sample 3, Pielou evenness index (Jsw). The order of listing was as follows: the order of dominance index (C) was that of sample 1, 2, 2, 2, and the order of the size of (M) was that of 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 and 3. The similarity between the samples is medium similarity. This study provides the basic data for the systematic classification and related research of the isopodidae in Xiaobai Mountain area, and provides the theoretical basis for the increase of peach yield, the scientific management and the protection of the diversity of soil animals in Xiaobaishantao forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154;Q969
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