水蝕風(fēng)蝕交錯區(qū)坡地退耕草地的水轉(zhuǎn)化特征及養(yǎng)分流失研究
[Abstract]:In order to understand the change characteristics of soil moisture and nutrients after returning farmland to grass in wind-erosion area of the Loess Plateau, soil moisture, soil erosion and nutrient loss were observed by using field runoff plot, which began in 2003. The dynamic changes of soil moisture and the effects of soil water content on soil erosion and nutrient loss on sandy loess slope were analyzed after returning farmland to grass for many years. The main results were as follows: (1) the soil moisture content of alfalfa field was significantly lower than that of sloping farmland after returning farmland to grass, and the soil moisture content of alfalfa field was close to or reached wilting water content. The soil moisture content of abandoned grassland is slightly lower than that of sloping land, although there is more runoff in sloping land. But the soil moisture content was kept at a high level. The average water content of the three treatments in the early season of 2010 was respectively 7.4 and 12.60.The annual precipitation (669.4 mm) can replenish the soil profile water in varying degrees, and the depth of the soil profile is about 110cm deeper than that of the normal year. The soil moisture of alfalfa field, abandoned land and sloping land was restored to 10.0 and 14.5and 15.5g, respectively, and increased 35.1g 15.1g and 24.0g, respectively. Therefore, the soil moisture content decreased significantly when alfalfa was planted in sloping farmland, and only in the high water year could the soil moisture content recover obviously. But alfalfa and abandoned grassland can effectively reduce the yield of abortion and sediment on the slope. In the 5 years study, there were only three records of abortion and sediment yield. Soil moisture is one of the most important factors affecting runoff on the slope of the Loess Plateau, and the water content in the early stage of soil is an important factor to determine runoff and sediment yield. Based on the data of 4 years, the Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the diurnal variation of soil water content (EF) in shallow layer (0 ~ 6 cm) of farmland to reach 0.64, which can be used to analyze the relationship between the diurnal variation of soil moisture content and soil erosion in sloping land. Runoff and sediment yield increased with the increase of rainfall and soil water content. When the erosive rainfall event occurs and the water content of the current period is greater than 0. 12 cm3 cm-3, the probability of runoff generation is 85%. Therefore, Hydrus-1D model can provide early water content data for accurate prediction of slope soil erosion. (3) rainfall characteristics of water erosion wind erosion area on the Loess Plateau are the determinants of soil erosion and nutrient loss in this area. The runoff and sediment amount increased with the increase of rainfall, and the amount of sediment increased with the increase of runoff, and there was an extremely significant linear correlation between them. In the case of the same runoff rate, the runoff with large runoff carries more sediment. Compared with the soil particles, the clay and silt contents in the sediment increased slightly. (4) the content of available phosphorus in runoff changed steadily with time, but the content of nitrate and ammonium changed greatly with time. The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sediment varies little with time, and the content of available phosphorus does not change with time. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen changes with time, but the content of organic matter does not change with time. The content of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in runoff increased with the increase of soil water content, but the content of ammonium nitrogen in runoff did not increase. The nutrient content in the sediment is not affected by the water content in the early stage of the soil, but increases with the increase of rainfall and rainfall intensity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:S157.1
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