發(fā)布時間：2018-05-25 20:57

  本文選題：雙變量施肥 + 肥料物理力學特性��； 參考：《石河子大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)田施肥中存在化肥投放量大、肥料過量偏施、化肥利用率偏低、投入產(chǎn)出比較低等問題,并由此引起了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量下降、地下水污染、水體富營養(yǎng)化。為了減少肥料的投放量,實現(xiàn)肥料的合理施用,設計出一種雙變量施肥機,在離散元軟件中進行了顆粒肥料的仿真排肥試驗,并設計試制雙變量施肥試驗裝置,在試驗裝置上進行排肥試驗,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)針對顆粒肥料的物理力學特性進行了試驗測定,主要對磷酸二銨的三維尺寸、顆粒的真實密度和堆積密度等物理特性以及其動靜摩擦系數(shù)、休止角、碰撞恢復系數(shù)、剛度系數(shù)和剪切模量等力學特性進行了測定。然后對測定結果進行討論分析,為下一步變量施肥機的設計及離散元法分析時確定合適的參數(shù)提供依據(jù)。(2)根據(jù)田間施肥量需求和機具作業(yè)速度,確定變量施肥系統(tǒng)的整體方案,包括施肥機排肥機構、施肥機整體結構和控制系統(tǒng)的確定;設計出雙變量施肥機,主要包括雙變量外槽輪排肥器、螺旋式外槽輪、轉速開度調(diào)節(jié)機構、柔性開溝覆土裝置和不等容積的肥箱等關鍵機構的設計以及雙變量施肥機液壓系統(tǒng)設計與附件選擇。(3)在離散元軟件進行肥料顆粒和排肥器的建模,進行直槽式槽輪與螺旋式槽輪排肥器仿真排肥試驗,對兩種外槽輪排肥器進行了排肥穩(wěn)定性分析;利用離散元軟件進行多種轉速開度組合下的仿真排肥試驗;搭建雙變量試驗裝置,進行排肥試驗,將試驗結果同離散元軟件上進行的仿真排肥試驗結果進行對比,得出仿真試驗與排肥裝置上進行的排肥試驗的排肥量隨轉速開度改變的變化趨勢一致,證明了采用離散元素法分析外槽輪式排肥器的有效性和可行性。(4)分析排肥軸轉速與排肥量之間的關系,排肥軸開度與排肥量之間的關系以及排肥軸轉速、開度兩個變量耦合時,兩變量與排肥量之間的關系,并對各種影響因素進行了排肥器的排肥穩(wěn)定性和均勻性分析。
[Abstract]:There are some problems in fertilizer application, such as large amount of fertilizer, excessive application of fertilizer, low utilization rate of fertilizer, low input-output and so on, which leads to the decline of agricultural product quality, groundwater pollution and eutrophication of water body. In order to reduce the amount of fertilizer and realize the rational application of fertilizer, a kind of two-variable fertilizer machine was designed, and the simulated fertilizer discharge test of granular fertilizer was carried out in discrete element software, and the experiment device of two-variable fertilizer was designed. The main contents of this experiment are as follows: (1) the physical and mechanical properties of granular fertilizer were tested, and the three-dimensional size of diammonium phosphate was measured. The physical properties, such as real density and packing density of particles, as well as the dynamic and static friction coefficient, angle of repose, collision recovery coefficient, stiffness coefficient and shear modulus were measured. Then the test results are discussed and analyzed, which provides the basis for the design of the next variable rate fertilization machine and the determination of the appropriate parameters when the discrete element method is used to determine the appropriate parameters.) according to the field fertilization requirements and the speed of the machine and tools, the overall scheme of the variable rate fertilization system is determined. It includes fertilizer discharging mechanism, the whole structure and control system of fertilization machine, and the design of double variable fertilizer application machine, which mainly includes double variable external slot wheel fertiliser, spiral external groove wheel, speed opening adjusting mechanism, and so on. The design of key mechanisms, such as flexible trench covering device and unequal volume fertilizer box, as well as the design of hydraulic system of two-variable fertilization machine and the selection of accessories, are modeled in discrete element software, such as fertilizer particle and fertiliser. In this paper, the emulation experiment of fertiliser with straight slot wheel and spiral groove wheel is carried out, and the stability of the two kinds of external slot wheel is analyzed, and the simulation experiment is carried out by using discrete element software under the combination of various rotational speed opening degree. A bivariate experiment device was set up to carry out the fertilizer discharge test. The results of the experiment were compared with the results of the simulation experiment conducted on the discrete element software. It is concluded that the variation trend of the amount of fertilizer discharged with the speed opening degree is consistent with that of the emulation test and the fertilizer discharge experiment carried out on the fertiliser device. It is proved that the discrete element method is effective and feasible to analyze the efficiency and feasibility of the external grooved wheel type fertiliser.) the relationship between the rotation speed of the discharge shaft and the amount of fertilizer discharge, the relationship between the opening degree of the discharge axis and the discharge amount, and the coupling of the rotation speed and the opening degree of the discharge shaft are analyzed. The relationship between the two variables and the amount of fertilizer excretion was studied. The stability and uniformity of the effluents of various factors were analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.2

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