本文選題：長(zhǎng)期施肥　切入點(diǎn)：土壤有機(jī)碳　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為闡明長(zhǎng)期不同施肥下土壤有機(jī)碳氮及其組分的演變特征,為合理培肥、促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和增匯減排提供理論依據(jù)。本研究以貴州黃壤稻田長(zhǎng)期土壤肥料定位試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),選取對(duì)照(CK)、單施有機(jī)肥(M)、單施化肥(NPK)、無機(jī)肥低量有機(jī)肥配施(0.5MNPK)和無機(jī)肥高量有機(jī)肥配施(MNPK)共5個(gè)施肥處理,采用Stwart等的物理-化學(xué)聯(lián)合分組方法對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳氮進(jìn)行分組,研究長(zhǎng)期不同施肥下土壤有機(jī)碳氮及其組分的演變特征。主要結(jié)果如下:1.與CK相比,長(zhǎng)期施用MNPK、M和0.5MNPK處理的總有機(jī)碳含量都有顯著提高,施用有機(jī)肥土壤有機(jī)碳含量顯著高于單施化肥,2006-2014年黃壤稻田土壤總有機(jī)碳含量呈規(guī)律性的線性增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),M和MNPK處理的有機(jī)碳以年均0.71 g/kg和0.63 g/kg的速率增加,且都達(dá)到了顯著水平(P0.05,下同)。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥處理下,游離活性有機(jī)碳占總有機(jī)碳的比例最大,為54%~66%。對(duì)于各組分含量,除CK處理土壤游離活性有機(jī)碳含量呈明顯下降趨勢(shì),其它處理該組分含量都呈上升趨勢(shì),其中以MNPK和M處理的游離活性組分有機(jī)碳含量增加的最為顯著。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期施肥下物理保護(hù)有機(jī)碳和化學(xué)保護(hù)有機(jī)碳組分含量,各處理整體都呈顯著現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),但CK和NPK處理對(duì)該組分含量增加作用相對(duì)緩慢;僅0.5MNPK和MNPK處理土壤生物化學(xué)保護(hù)有機(jī)碳組分有顯著增加。相關(guān)性分析顯示,不同組分有機(jī)碳與總有機(jī)碳呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01,下同)。2.與CK相比,除NPK處理外其他各施肥處理下土壤總有機(jī)氮的含量都有顯著的增加,增加幅度在0.5%~41%之間;與試驗(yàn)開始時(shí)土壤有機(jī)氮初始含量(1.76 g/kg)相比,各處理土壤有機(jī)氮含量也均有所增加。2006~2014年黃壤稻田土壤總有機(jī)氮,除(CK)處理外其它各處理有機(jī)氮含量都呈規(guī)律性的線性增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。總的對(duì)有機(jī)氮含量影響來說,MNPK(0.80g/kg)M(0.74g/kg)0.5MNPK(0.45g/kg)。各組分中游離活性有機(jī)氮組分占總有機(jī)氮比例最大。與CK相比,經(jīng)過9年長(zhǎng)期施肥處理后各施肥處理游離活性有機(jī)氮組分都有顯著增加,而其它各組分含量變化很小,雖然有的組分有小幅度的增加,但都沒有達(dá)到顯著水平。整體看出MNPK處理的各組分有機(jī)氮年均增加速率均顯著高于其他處理,說明增量有機(jī)無機(jī)配施比其他施肥處理更能增加各組分土壤有機(jī)氮含量。相關(guān)性分析顯示,土壤總有機(jī)氮含量與各組分機(jī)氮含量之間呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。這表明各組分有機(jī)氮與總有機(jī)氮關(guān)系密切,會(huì)隨土壤總有機(jī)氮的含量而改變。綜上述分析,相對(duì)于其它處理,長(zhǎng)期高量有機(jī)無機(jī)配施是提高黃壤稻田有機(jī)碳氮及其組分和培肥土壤最有效模式。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and its components under long-term different fertilization, and to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization, agricultural sustainable development and emission reduction, this study was based on the long-term soil fertilizer location test in paddy field of yellow soil in Guizhou Province. In this study, five fertilization treatments were selected: CK, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and high organic fertilizer, respectively. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were grouped by the physical-chemical grouping method of Stwart et al. The evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon and its components under long-term fertilization were studied. The main results were as follows: 1.Compared with CK, the contents of total organic carbon in long-term application of MNPK and 0.5 MNPK were significantly increased. The content of organic carbon in soil treated with organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that in paddy field of yellow soil from 2006 to 2014 by applying chemical fertilizer alone. The total organic carbon content of paddy soil increased regularly. The average annual rate of 0.71 g / kg and 0.63 g / kg of organic carbon increased with the treatments of M and MNPK. The ratio of free active organic carbon to total organic carbon was 54 ~ 666.The content of free active organic carbon decreased obviously except CK treatment. The content of organic carbon in free active components of MNPK and M treatments increased most significantly, and the contents of organic carbon protected by physical and chemical components were significantly increased under long-term fertilization, and the content of organic carbon in other treatments showed an upward trend, and the content of organic carbon in free active component increased significantly in the treatment of MNPK and M, respectively. All treatments showed a significant upward trend, but CK and NPK treatments were relatively slow to increase the content of organic carbon, and only 0.5 MNPK and MNPK treatments had a significant increase in soil biochemistry protected organic carbon components. There was a significant positive correlation between different organic carbon and total organic carbon (P 0.01). Compared with CK, the content of soil total organic nitrogen in all fertilization treatments except NPK increased significantly, and the increase range was between 0.5% and 41%. Compared with the initial soil organic nitrogen content of 1.76 g / kg at the beginning of the experiment, the soil organic nitrogen contents of all treatments increased from 2006 to 2014. The content of organic nitrogen in all treatments except CK) showed a regular linear increasing trend. The total effect of organic nitrogen content on organic nitrogen content was 0.80g / kg ~ 0.74 g / kg ~ 0.74 g / kg ~ (0.5) MNPK ~ (-1) 0.45 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ 0.45 g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1), and the ratio of free active organic nitrogen to total organic nitrogen was the highest. After 9 years of long-term fertilization, the free active organic nitrogen components of each fertilization treatment increased significantly, while the content of other components changed very little, although some of the components increased by a small margin. As a whole, the average annual increase rate of organic nitrogen in MNPK treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The results showed that incremental organic and inorganic fertilizer application could increase soil organic nitrogen content more than other fertilization treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil total organic nitrogen content and total organic nitrogen content, which indicated that organic nitrogen and total organic nitrogen were closely related to each other and would change with soil total organic nitrogen content. Long-term high organic and inorganic fertilizer application is the most effective model to improve the organic carbon nitrogen and its components in yellow soil paddy field and to improve the soil fertility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6
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本文編號(hào)：1633796