本文選題：溫室蔬菜　切入點：減量施磷　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學》2017年20期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：【目的】針對過量施磷問題,定位研究日光溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)磷肥減施潛力,明確適宜施磷范圍�！痉椒ā恳员狈綔厥沂卟酥髟苑N類黃瓜和番茄為研究對象,采用冬春茬黃瓜-秋冬茬番茄種植模式,在基礎土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)40.2 mg·kg~(-1)下,設計不施磷肥(P0)、減量施磷(P1)和農(nóng)民常規(guī)施磷量(P2)3個磷肥用量水平。P0、P1、P2處理對應黃瓜單季施磷肥(P_2O_5)0、300、675 kg·hm~(-2),番茄單季施磷肥(P_2O_5)0、225、675 kg·hm~(-2)。3年6季定位研究蔬菜生產(chǎn)磷素盈虧、土壤有效磷供應與遷移,分析產(chǎn)量變化,推薦合理施磷范圍�！窘Y(jié)果】(1)農(nóng)民常規(guī)施磷量年盈余磷480.0 kg P·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),每盈余磷100 kg P·hm~(-2)主根區(qū)0—20 cm土層Olsen-P增加2.7mg·kg~(-1),3年0—20 cm土層Olsen-P平均含量70.2 mg·kg~(-1),2010年番茄季0—20 cm土層磷素飽和度(DPSM3)為80%,磷素土壤深層遷移明顯。(2)減量施磷較農(nóng)民常規(guī)磷量下降61.1%,3年磷素盈余量下降71.0%—77.3%,0—20 cm土層Olsen-P含量下降18.6%—43.5%,3年均值為49.3 mg·kg~(-1),接近瓜果類蔬菜Olsen-P農(nóng)學閾值,關(guān)鍵生育期磷素吸收量無顯著變化,產(chǎn)量保持在中高水平不降低;經(jīng)過3年種植,0—20 cm土層DPSM3下降21個百分點,20—60 cm土層Olsen-P平均含量下降9.3%—30.1%,減施磷肥有效緩解了土壤磷素深層遷移。(3)不施磷肥導致土壤磷素虧缺,蔬菜從土壤中每攫取磷100 kg P·hm~(-2),P0處理0—20 cm土層Olsen-P含量下降3.4 mg·kg~(-1),3年0—20 cm土層Olsen-P平均含量30.5 mg·kg~(-1),雖產(chǎn)量沒有顯著降低,但是2008年番茄高產(chǎn)下(140 t·hm~(-2))磷素吸收量較P1、P2處理下降19.8%—30.0%,產(chǎn)量呈降低趨勢。(4)依據(jù)上述推薦:土壤有效磷含量≥40 mg·kg~(-1)的溫室,冬春茬黃瓜產(chǎn)量水平170 t·hm~(-2)下施用P_2O_5不宜超過300 kg·hm~(-2),秋冬茬番茄產(chǎn)量水平100 t·hm~(-2)下施用P_2O_5不宜超過225 kg·hm~(-2)�！窘Y(jié)論】華北平原溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)減施磷肥潛力較大。對于種植一段時間(≥3年)的溫室,較農(nóng)民常規(guī)減施磷60%,可以顯著改善磷素盈余狀況,緩解土壤有效磷積累,降低土壤磷素深層遷移量,保證黃瓜番茄持續(xù)中高產(chǎn)水平生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:[objective] to solve the problem of excessive phosphorus application, the potential of phosphorus fertilizer reduction in greenhouse vegetable production was studied, and the suitable range of phosphorus application was determined. [methods] Cucumber and tomato, the main greenhouse vegetable species in North China, were taken as the research objects. The planting pattern of cucumber with winter and spring stubble and tomato in autumn and winter was used under the basic soil available phosphorus (Olsen-Pu 40.2 mg 路kg ~ (-1)). The three levels of P fertilizer. P0, P0, P 1) and P 2) were designed. P0 P1P 2 treatments were applied to Cucumber P2O5 0 0 0 N P fertilizer per season, and to tomato P 2 O 5 0 225 N 6 75 kg 路hm 2 per season. The profit and loss of vegetable production were studied in 3 6 seasons, and the effects of P 2 O 5 P fertilizer on P 0 O 0 2 O 2 P 0, P 1 P 1 P 1 and P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P P 1 P 1 P P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 / P fertilizer per season were compared. Soil available phosphorus supply and migration, analysis of yield changes, [results] A reasonable range of phosphorus application was recommended. [results] the average annual surplus P of 480.0 kg P 路hm ~ (-2) 路a ~ (-1) per 100 kg P 路hm ~ (-2)) was increased by 2.7 mg 路kg 路kg ~ (-1) of Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil layer of main root area, the average Olsen-P content of 0-20 cm soil layer in 3 years was 70.2 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of Olsen-P, and in 2010, the phosphorus saturation of 0-20 cm soil layer in tomato season was increased by DPSM3). The P application decreased by 61.1 and 71.0-77.3cm, and the Olsen-P content of 0-20cm soil layer decreased by 18.6- 43.55.The annual average value was 49.3 mg 路kg ~ (-1), which was close to the threshold value of Olsen-P for melon and fruit vegetables. There was no significant change in P uptake at the key growth stage, and the yield remained at a medium and high level. After 3 years of planting, DPSM3 of 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 21 percentage points or 20-60 cm soil layer, the average content of Olsen-P in 20-60 cm soil layer decreased by 9.3% -30.1. The application of reduced phosphate fertilizer effectively alleviated the deep migration of phosphorus in soil. The content of Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased 3.4 mg 路kg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) for every 100 kg P 路h ~ (-1) P ~ (2 +) P _ (2) P _ 0, and the average Olsen-P content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer for 3 years was 30.5 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) P ~ (-1), although the yield did not decrease significantly. But in 2008, the P uptake of tomato decreased 19.8-30.0and the yield showed a decreasing trend compared with P1P _ 2 treatment.) according to the above recommendation: soil available phosphorus content 鈮，

本文編號：1572189