本文選題：玉米秸稈　切入點：分解速率　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：如何有效合理利用作物秸稈,是中國農(nóng)業(yè)亟待解決的重要問題.諸多研究表明,秸稈還田對于提高秸稈利用率,增強(qiáng)土壤肥力具有重要意義�，F(xiàn)階段關(guān)于秸稈不同還田方式和年限對土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成和結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響還少有研究,對此進(jìn)行研究,有利于了解不同還田方式和年限下土壤腐殖質(zhì)變化差異,為土壤固碳、培肥提供依據(jù)。本文通過培養(yǎng)試驗研究不同添加方式下秸稈分解速率和土壤腐殖質(zhì)變化;微區(qū)試驗對比秸稈不同還田方式下土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成和結(jié)構(gòu)特征的差異;田間試驗研究秸稈深還后,土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成和結(jié)構(gòu)隨年限增長的變化特征。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)添加玉米秸稈后,秸稈分解速率在0~24d左右迅速升高至頂峰(194~1103mg/kg/d)后不斷下降,在第25~300d分解速率緩慢下降趨于穩(wěn)定;秸稈累積分解率呈現(xiàn)前期迅速增長,后期增長緩慢的趨勢。黑土全量秸稈與土混合處理的分解最快(82%)。(2)不同方式秸稈還田下土壤pH和電導(dǎo)率無顯著變化;表層土壤N、P、K養(yǎng)分含量隨秸稈淺施用量增加呈上升趨勢,秸稈深還顯著提高了亞表層土壤養(yǎng)分含量。隨秸稈深還年限增加,土壤各速效養(yǎng)分含量呈下降趨勢。(3)添加玉米秸稈顯著提高了SOC含量;隨秸稈用量增加,SOC含量增加;秸稈與土混合更利于SOC含量積累。秸稈不同量淺施對表層SOC影響顯著,秸稈深還后亞表層增加更明顯。隨秸稈深還年限增加,SOC含量呈下降趨勢。(4)添加玉米秸稈和不同方式秸稈還田(不同量秸稈淺施和秸稈深還)均有利于提高土壤腐殖質(zhì)組分有機(jī)碳含量,PQ值及HA的ΔlogK值。隨秸稈深還年限增長,SOC、FA和HM有機(jī)碳含量呈下降趨勢,HA有機(jī)碳含量呈上升趨勢,PQ值變化顯著,土壤HA的ΔlogK呈下降趨勢。(5)培養(yǎng)試驗、微區(qū)試驗和田間試驗均表明:施用玉米秸稈后HA氧化度、縮合度和熱穩(wěn)定性降低,脂族鏈烴含量增加,芳香性減弱,分子結(jié)構(gòu)趨于簡單化。培養(yǎng)試驗中隨秸稈用量增加,HA結(jié)構(gòu)趨于簡單化;秸稈與土壤混合后HA結(jié)構(gòu)變化顯著。微區(qū)試驗中秸稈淺施用量增加,表層HA結(jié)構(gòu)簡單化趨勢明顯。田間試驗中秸稈深還對亞表層HA結(jié)構(gòu)影響顯著,隨深還年限增加,HA縮合度和氧化度呈上升趨勢,脂族性減弱,芳香性和熱穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng),HA結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化。(6)田間試驗表明:秸稈深還1年后玉米產(chǎn)量增加6%;隨秸稈深還年限增長,玉米產(chǎn)量高于CK,呈下降趨勢。
[Abstract]:How effective and rational utilization of crop straw, Chinese agriculture is an important problem urgently to be solved. Many studies show that straw to improve the utilization of straw, has important significance to enhance soil fertility. At this stage on the effects of different ways of returning straw and life on the composition and structural characteristics of soil humus, there is little research, this paper is conducive to to understand the difference of Soil Humus in different treatments and years, for carbon sequestration in soil fertility, provide the basis for experimental study. In this paper, through the cultivation of the soil humus decomposition rate and the change of different addition methods of straw; differences in micro area test comparison of different ways of returning straw under soil humus composition and structural characteristics; field experiment of straw deep yet and the variation characteristics of soil humus composition and structure with age growth. The results show that: (1) after the addition of corn stalk, straw The solution rate increased rapidly to the peak at about 0~24d (194~1103mg/kg/d) after falling in the decomposition rate of 25~300d decreased slowly stabilized; straw decomposition rate showed a cumulative early rapid growth, slow growth trend. Post processing the full amount of straw and soil mixed with soil decomposition of the fastest (82%). (2) different soil pH and conductivity of straw under no significant change; surface soil N, P, K nutrient content increased with straw shallow rise, straw deep also significantly improved the soil nutrient content of the subsurface. With straw deep also increased years, soil available nutrients content decreased. (3) adding corn straw significantly content of SOC was increased; with the increase of SOC content increased the amount of straw, straw mixed with soil; more conducive to the accumulation of SOC content. Different amount of straw significantly affect the shallow surface SOC, straw deep subsurface also increased more obviously with straw deep. Life also increased, SOC content decreased. (4) add the corn straw and straw in different ways (different amount of straw and straw deep is shallow application) can improve the organic carbon content of the soil humus, a logK PQ value and HA value. With straw deep is the growth in number of years, SOC, FA and HM the organic carbon content decreased, HA organic carbon content increased, the value of PQ changed significantly, logK soil HA decreased. (5) culture test, micro area test and field test showed that the degree of HA oxidation of corn straw, reduce the condensation degree and thermal stability, increase the amount of aliphatic chain aromatic, weakened, molecular structure tends to be simple. Incubation with straw addition, HA structure is simple; the straw with HA structure change of soil mixed significantly. The micro plot experiment of straw increased HA shallow surface, simple structure trend is obvious. The straw in field experiment Depth of the sub surface structure of HA significantly, with the depth increasing period of HA condensation and oxidation degrees rise, aliphatic decrease enhanced aromaticity and thermal stability, the HA structure became complicated. (6) field experiments showed that straw deep also after 1 years corn yield increased by 6% with straw; deep is the growth in number of years, the maize yield is higher than CK, showed a downward trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141.4

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本文編號：1572017