【摘要】：利用能以極慢變形率直接剪切顆粒固體的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,測(cè)量了(玻璃珠)樣品對(duì)大幅度循環(huán)剪切的力-位移曲線,以及一個(gè)循環(huán)周期后的塑性位移殘留.發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著循環(huán)頻率的降低,樣品會(huì)從有限塑性殘留的彈塑行為轉(zhuǎn)變到幾乎沒有塑性的純彈性行為,同時(shí)伴隨有率相關(guān)性.該轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)诩羟辛Ψ雀哌_(dá)樣品破壞值的90%時(shí)依然存在,但需要極小的變形率(10~(-5)Hz)或慣性數(shù)(10~(-8)).這意味著無論是高頻小幅度的聲波擾動(dòng),還是極低頻大幅度的直接剪切,靜態(tài)顆粒固體都可做出純彈性的力學(xué)響應(yīng).在足夠慢的狀態(tài)變化范圍里,它仍是屬于經(jīng)典彈性理論范疇的一類材料.這個(gè)彈性區(qū)域一直未被報(bào)道和關(guān)注,可能是觀測(cè)它時(shí)需要樣品的變形率遠(yuǎn)比通常此類研究中所采用的慢變形還要小許多(大約兩個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí))的緣故.理論上本文測(cè)量結(jié)果支持描述顆粒固體宏觀動(dòng)力學(xué)的基本方程組,不能只有彈塑和率無關(guān)行為,它們必須在極慢變形極限下退化為經(jīng)典彈性理論,并且在這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變過程中表現(xiàn)出率相關(guān)特性.
[Abstract]:The force-displacement curves of (glass bead) samples for large cyclic shearing and the residual plastic displacement after one cycle were measured by using an experimental device capable of directly shearing granular solids at an extremely slow deformation rate. It is found that with the decrease of cycle frequency, the elastic-plastic behavior of the sample changes from a finite plastic residue to a pure elastic behavior with almost no plasticity, which is accompanied by a rate correlation. This transition still exists when the shear force amplitude is up to 90% of the sample failure value, but requires a minimal deformation rate (10 ~ (-5) Hz) or inertia number (10 ~ (-8). This means that both high frequency and small amplitude acoustic disturbance or very low frequency large amplitude direct shear, static granular solids can make pure elastic mechanical response. In a sufficiently slow range of state variations, it is still a class of materials in the category of classical elastic theory. This elastic region has not been reported and paid attention to, possibly because the deformation rate of the sample required to observe it is much smaller (about two orders of magnitude) than the slow deformation usually used in such studies. Theoretically, the measurement results in this paper support the basic equations describing the macroscopic dynamics of granular solids. The elastoplastic behavior and rate-independent behavior should not be the only ones, but they must degenerate into classical elastic theory at the limit of extremely slow deformation. And in the process of this transition shows a rate-dependent characteristics.
【作者單位】： 中南大學(xué)物理與電子學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):10904175,11274390)資助的課題~~
【分類號(hào)】：O347.7

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本文編號(hào)：2266392