【摘要】：露天開采煤礦過程中,形成的高大邊坡下部積壓著大量的煤炭資源,為提高煤炭的回收率,提高礦山的經(jīng)濟效益,許多礦山企業(yè)采取井工的方式回采煤炭資源。然而,邊坡下部井采對邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響極大且機理復(fù)雜,與一般的邊坡滑移和單一井工引起的地表沉陷不同,井采邊坡的穩(wěn)定性研究需綜合考慮邊坡滑移、邊坡巖移,以及地表沉陷等因素的影響。因此,本文綜合運用邊坡工程學(xué)和開采沉陷學(xué)理論開展了井采邊坡的巖移機制分析,同時,選取井東煤業(yè)廣場西北幫邊坡為工程實例,借助數(shù)值模擬分析了該邊坡下部井采前后的穩(wěn)定性狀況,歸納其失穩(wěn)破壞規(guī)律。[1]針對井東煤業(yè)廣場西北幫邊坡,結(jié)合邊坡地質(zhì)資料和工程背景,分析了邊坡工程的滑坡現(xiàn)狀;從邊坡自身因素、自然因素和人工因素三個方面分別分析了不同因素對露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響,其中自然因素和人工因素是外因,巖體自身因素是內(nèi)因,內(nèi)外因不是獨立起作用的,是共同作用的。[2]綜合運用邊坡工程學(xué)和開采沉陷學(xué)的理論知識,研究下部井采對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響機理。機理如下:井工開采對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響,主要體現(xiàn)在采空區(qū)和爆破振動對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響。爆破振動對邊坡的作用表現(xiàn)為促進裂縫的開展,使裂縫變寬、變密,影響地下井采的整個過程。采空區(qū)的存在,首先使覆巖應(yīng)力釋放,巖層應(yīng)力重分布,由此引起覆巖冒落破壞,引起上部巖層的變形移動,隨著井工工作面的推進,采空區(qū)增大,井采影響范圍也變大,作用在地表表現(xiàn)為地表沉陷,作用在坡表表現(xiàn)為指向采空區(qū)的移動和指向臨空側(cè)的移動。另外,巖土層的變形破壞使邊坡體內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生裂縫,使巖土體強度降低,在降雨、地震等外因作用下,容易引起邊坡滑移。[3]借助功能強大、操作簡便的大型有限元軟件ABAQUS開展了井采前后邊坡穩(wěn)定性研究。比較分析幾種經(jīng)典的本構(gòu)模型,考慮到巖土體復(fù)雜的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系,選取Mohr-Coulomb本構(gòu)模型。詳細闡述了強度折減法的原理,并分析了學(xué)者們提出的三種判別準則,它們有各自的適用性,考慮到邊坡工程的實際情況,決定采用以塑性區(qū)貫通為特征,以特征區(qū)位移拐點為依據(jù)求安全系數(shù)。[4]實地考察研究區(qū)邊坡,通過現(xiàn)場取樣和室內(nèi)試驗的方法,確定巖土體的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)。運用數(shù)值模擬的方法,研究邊坡在井采前的穩(wěn)定性,得到邊坡在開采前的安全系數(shù)為2.71,處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。然后,模擬井采后邊坡的穩(wěn)定性,得到井采后邊坡巖土體變形場和應(yīng)力場,并用井采對邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響機理解釋了變化的原因,井采后,邊坡安全系數(shù)大大降低。[5]運用ABAQUS軟件,研究了不同位置的采空區(qū)對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響。通過不同工況之間的比較,得出如下結(jié)論:采空區(qū)與邊坡坡面的相對位置對邊坡穩(wěn)定性有很大影響;采空區(qū)距離坡表很近時,坡體內(nèi)部靠近采空區(qū)端部產(chǎn)生剪應(yīng)力集中區(qū),坡體同時有指向臨空側(cè)的水平移動和向下方采空區(qū)移動的變形趨勢;隨著采空區(qū)與坡面距離的增加,坡表受采空區(qū)影響減小,邊坡豎向位移以指向采空區(qū)的沉陷為主;采空區(qū)距離邊坡坡面越近,安全系數(shù)越小。
[Abstract]:In the process of open-pit coal mining, a large amount of coal resources are accumulated in the lower part of the high side slope formed, so as to improve the recovery rate of the coal and improve the economic benefit of the mine. However, the slope stability of the lower well of the side slope has great influence on the stability of the slope and the mechanism is complicated, which is different from the general slope slip and the surface subsidence caused by single well engineering. The stability of the well mining slope needs to comprehensively consider the influence of the slope slip, the slope rock movement and the surface subsidence. Therefore, the paper comprehensively uses the theory of slope engineering and mining subsidence to carry out the analysis of the rock movement mechanism of the well mining slope. At the same time, the slope of the northwest side slope of the East Coal Industry Square is selected as an engineering example, and the stability condition before and after the mining in the lower part of the slope is analyzed by means of numerical simulation. In this paper, the damage rule of its instability is summarized.[1] According to the geological data of slope and the background of engineering, the present situation of slope engineering is analyzed, and the influence of different factors on stability of open-pit slope is analyzed from three aspects: side slope self-factor, natural factor and artificial factor. The natural factors and artificial factors are the internal causes, and the internal and external factors play a common role in the internal and external factors.[2] Based on the theory knowledge of slope engineering and mining subsidence, the influence mechanism of lower well mining on slope stability is studied. The mechanism is as follows: the influence of the mining on the stability of the slope is mainly reflected in the influence of the goaf and blasting vibration on the stability of the slope. The effect of blasting vibration on the slope is to promote the development of cracks, so that the crack becomes wider and dense and affects the whole process of underground well production. The existence of mined-out area firstly causes the stress release of overburden rock and redistribution of stress redistribution of rock stratum, thus causing the rock overburden to fall and damage, which causes deformation movement of upper rock stratum. With the advancing of the working face of well, the goaf increases, the influence range of well mining is also changed, and the action plays a role in surface subsidence on the surface. The action is shown in the slope table as the movement directed to the gob and the movement directed toward the blank side. In addition, the deformation of the rock soil layer breaks the crack inside the slope body, so that the strength of the rock-soil body is reduced, and the slope slip can be easily caused under the action of rainfall, earthquake and the like.[3] By means of powerful and easy-to-operate large-scale finite element software ABAQUS, the stability of slope stability before and after well mining is carried out. Based on the comparison and analysis of several classical models, Mohr-Coulomb model is selected taking into account the complex stress-strain relation of rock and soil body. In this paper, the principle of strength reduction and subtraction is described in detail, and the three kinds of discrimination criteria proposed by scholars are analyzed. They have their applicability. Considering the practical situation of slope engineering, it is decided to adopt the characteristics of the plastic zone to pass through, and the factor of safety is calculated based on the inflection point of the feature area.[4] The physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil body are determined by field sampling and indoor test method. By means of numerical simulation, the stability of the slope before the mining is studied, and the safety coefficient of the slope before mining is 2.71, which is in a stable state. Then, the stability of the slope after the well mining is simulated, and the deformation field and stress field of the rock and soil body after the well mining are obtained, and the cause of the change is explained by the influence mechanism of the well production on the slope stability, and the safety factor of the slope is greatly reduced after the well production.[5] Using ABAQUS software, the effect of gob on slope stability in different locations was studied. Through the comparison between different working conditions, it is concluded that the relative position of the goaf and the slope slope has great influence on the stability of the slope; when the distance slope of the mined-out area is close, the shear stress concentration zone is generated near the end part of the goaf, Along with the increase of the distance between the goaf and the slope surface, the slope table is affected by the mined-out area, the vertical displacement of the slope is dominated by the subsidence of the mined-out area, the closer the slope surface of the side slope of the mined-out area is, the less the safety factor is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD824.7

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陸修儉;;露天礦邊坡滑坡影響因素及防治[J];現(xiàn)代礦業(yè);2011年06期

2 王志城;劉杰;姜昕健;;露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響因素分析[J];科技創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)報;2012年13期

3 賀俊林;武鳳茹;;露天礦邊坡保護及治理[J];現(xiàn)代礦業(yè);2012年10期

4 秦四清,盧世宗;我國露天礦邊坡工程技術(shù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究[J];露天采礦;1990年02期

5 鄭一方;略談對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性的檢測[J];勞動保護;1991年11期

6 祝玉學(xué);露天礦邊坡整體化設(shè)計模型[J];露天采礦;1991年03期

7 秦四清;盧世宗;;我國露天礦邊坡工程技術(shù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究[J];有色礦山;1991年02期

8 張可能;曹增哲;;穆龍?zhí)章短斓V深部開采的科學(xué)技術(shù)問題[J];世界采礦快報;1992年24期

9 張欽禮;中型露天礦計算機規(guī)劃[J];世界采礦快報;1994年16期

10 張可能;露天礦邊坡的形成條件和穩(wěn)定條件[J];礦業(yè)快報;2000年06期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 張四維;沈大用;;露天礦邊坡工程新進展[A];面向21世紀的巖石力學(xué)與工程：中國巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)會第四次學(xué)術(shù)大會論文集[C];1996年

2 祝玉學(xué);張緒珍;王國中;;露天礦邊坡優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法[A];邊坡穩(wěn)定的巖石力學(xué)分析學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集（上集）[C];1987年

3 楊坤;;基于系統(tǒng)分析的露天礦滑坡體系可靠度評價[A];2009礦山災(zāi)害預(yù)防控制學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2009年

4 祝玉學(xué);;露天礦邊坡工程技術(shù)的進展、困難和希望[A];第四屆全國工程地質(zhì)大會論文選集（三）[C];1992年

5 王家臣;譚文輝;周汝弟;;露天礦邊坡的可靠性研究[A];第六屆全國采礦學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];1999年

6 高喜才;肖江;;復(fù)雜條件下露天礦邊坡開挖模型實驗研究[A];全國金屬礦山采礦新技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)研討與技術(shù)交流會論文集[C];2007年

7 李福平;張文華;;露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析智能系統(tǒng)[A];第四屆全國礦山采選技術(shù)進展報告會論文集[C];2001年

8 熊傳治;;江西富家塢露天礦邊坡大變形及滑坡預(yù)報[A];第四屆全國礦山采選技術(shù)進展報告會論文集[C];2001年

9 牛光臨;;白銀露天礦邊坡的維護與加固[A];甘肅巖石力學(xué)與工程進展——第四次全國巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)術(shù)大會[C];1996年

10 解殿春;;論露天礦高陡邊坡挖潛[A];四川省巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)會首屆學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];1994年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前3條

1 本報記者 金小平 特約記者 李皎;海州露天礦在金色的秋天“新生”[N];中國礦業(yè)報;2006年

2 本報記者 李朝貴 通訊員 田國明;管理 培訓(xùn) 科研，環(huán)環(huán)扣在關(guān)鍵點上[N];中國煤炭報;2010年

3 ;2013年冶金科學(xué)技術(shù)獎部分獲獎項目簡介[N];世界金屬導(dǎo)報;2013年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 韓流;露天礦時效邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析理論與實驗研究[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 巖小明;基于可靠度理論的露天礦邊坡風險分析[D];中南大學(xué);2013年

3 曹博;復(fù)雜條件露天礦采區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)向及運排系統(tǒng)工程優(yōu)化研究與應(yīng)用[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京);2012年

4 白潤才;露天礦卡車實時調(diào)度優(yōu)化決策系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用效果預(yù)測研究[D];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2005年

5 張凱選;海州露天礦閉坑后滑坡災(zāi)害研究[D];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 周麗靜;基于北斗衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的露天礦邊坡位移監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2015年

2 孫宇霆;小龍?zhí)堵短斓V深部開采防排水系統(tǒng)的研究[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

3 張賀;露天礦邊坡位移三維激光掃描監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究[D];遼寧科技大學(xué);2015年

4 宋偉濤;井采擾動對露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響研究[D];青島理工大學(xué);2015年

5 陳金華;考慮開挖過程卸荷效應(yīng)的露天礦邊坡分析[D];太原理工大學(xué);2005年

6 高喜才;露天礦邊坡開挖過程變形破壞特征及穩(wěn)定性實驗研究[D];西安科技大學(xué);2006年

7 李旺;云南某露天礦邊坡破壞機理與穩(wěn)定性研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2008年

8 孫強;勝利煤田東二號露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析[D];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2009年

9 秦真珍;露天礦邊坡變形灰色系統(tǒng)預(yù)報模型研究[D];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2009年

10 牟今容;爆破、降雨聯(lián)合作用下露天礦邊坡成災(zāi)過程研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：2260099