【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技的發(fā)展,以軸承轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)為工作主體的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮的作用日益巨大。航空航天發(fā)動機(jī)、高速膨脹制冷機(jī)等旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械,在高轉(zhuǎn)速和高穩(wěn)定性方面提出了越來越高的要求。氣體軸承和滾動軸承是目前高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械比較常用的軸承形式。 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的高速、復(fù)雜化,使得其核心結(jié)構(gòu)—軸承轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)中涉及的非線性因素越來越多,這些因素不但自身對系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)性能產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的非線性影響,而且彼此之間還通過耦合作用導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動日趨復(fù)雜,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中由于旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的非線性動力學(xué)行為引發(fā)的振動超標(biāo)已造成了大量的事故。 本文基于轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)基本原理搭建了高速氣體軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺和高速滾動軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺。通過數(shù)值仿真的手段計(jì)算了軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的固有特性,并在所搭建的試驗(yàn)臺上通過非線性測量及分析手段就滾動軸承和氣體靜壓軸承支承的兩類典型轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的固有特性及運(yùn)行過程中的振動特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。 通過軸心軌跡、頻率-幅值曲線、時間-幅值曲線等特征圖譜呈現(xiàn)了典型振動現(xiàn)象的特征。在氣體軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)中主要存在低頻振動,文章呈現(xiàn)了半速渦動、低頻共振的特征,并發(fā)現(xiàn)總結(jié)了以往研究中鮮有研究的雙低頻振動特性；在滾動軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子中除工頻振動外還存在低頻及高頻振動,總結(jié)了兩個高頻共同作用、高頻低頻共同作用及單一高頻或低頻作用的振動特征。 在文章的最后就兩類典型軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的振動特性進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和對比研究,提出了工作中存在的不足及未來的研究方向,對工程中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用有一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economy and science and technology, rotating machinery with bearing rotor system as the main body plays an increasingly important role in industrial production. The rotating machinery such as aerospace engine and high speed expansion refrigerator has put forward higher and higher requirements in terms of high speed and high stability. Gas bearing and rolling bearing are commonly used in high speed rotating machinery at present. With the high speed and complexity of rotating machinery, more and more nonlinear factors are involved in the core structure-bearing rotor system. These factors not only have complex nonlinear effects on the dynamic performance of the system. Moreover, the motion of the system is becoming more and more complex through coupling with each other, and a large number of accidents have been caused by the excessive vibration caused by the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating machinery in industrial production. Based on the basic principle of rotor dynamics, the high speed gas bearing rotor test bench and high speed rolling bearing rotor test bed are built in this paper. The inherent characteristics of bearing-rotor system are calculated by numerical simulation. The inherent characteristics and vibration characteristics of two typical rotor systems supported by rolling bearing and aerostatic bearing are studied by means of nonlinear measurement and analysis on the test-bed. The typical vibration phenomena are characterized by axial trajectory, frequency-amplitude curve, time-amplitude curve and so on. There are mainly low frequency vibration in gas bearing rotor system. This paper presents the characteristics of half speed vortex and low frequency resonance, and finds and summarizes the characteristics of double low frequency vibration which have not been studied in the past. In addition to power frequency vibration, there are also low frequency and high frequency vibration in rolling bearing rotor. The vibration characteristics of two high frequency interaction, high frequency and low frequency interaction and single high frequency or low frequency action are summarized. At the end of the paper, the vibration characteristics of two typical bearing-rotor systems are summarized and compared, and the shortcomings in the work and the future research direction are put forward, which can guide the practical application of the project to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH113.1

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