大型履帶起重機(jī)起臂過程的動(dòng)態(tài)性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 05:57
【摘要】：履帶起重機(jī)具有起重量大、接地比壓小、臂架有多種組合方式、可帶載行駛等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，廣泛地應(yīng)用于石油化工、風(fēng)電、水利、鐵路和橋梁建設(shè)等大型工程。隨著國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的大規(guī)模設(shè)施建設(shè)工作需要完成，需要調(diào)運(yùn)更大重量和體積的物品以及實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的起升高度。這樣，大型履帶起重機(jī)愈來(lái)愈體現(xiàn)出其在大噸位、大體積和大起升高度方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)對(duì)大型履帶起重機(jī)的需求量越來(lái)越大，促進(jìn)履帶起重機(jī)市場(chǎng)蓬勃發(fā)展。 由于大型建設(shè)工程的蓬勃發(fā)展，履帶起重機(jī)向大噸位和大起升高度方向發(fā)展成為一個(gè)必然的趨勢(shì)。常采取延長(zhǎng)臂架長(zhǎng)度和增加主、副臂組合工況等方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)起重機(jī)更大的起升高度和作業(yè)范圍，以及在大起升高度和工作幅度下的起重機(jī)的高性能。臂架組裝完成后，臂頭部分放置在地面上，而底節(jié)臂與轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)連接鉸點(diǎn)距地面較高，在臂架自重作用下，臂架會(huì)產(chǎn)生下?lián)�，部分接地。起臂過程中，變幅鋼絲繩收緊，給臂架軸向分力，加劇臂架下?lián)�，產(chǎn)生二次變形。臂架越長(zhǎng)，其非線性效果越明顯，在二次變形下，臂架軸向力劇烈增加，易引起臂架結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)而導(dǎo)致起臂過程中臂架損壞。 由于臂架長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng)，起臂過程越危險(xiǎn)。本文以徐工建機(jī)某大型履帶起重機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輕型臂、超起輕型臂和超起塔式副臂等組合方式的最長(zhǎng)臂的起臂過程為計(jì)算工況，進(jìn)行臂架靜力學(xué)和起臂動(dòng)力學(xué)分析計(jì)算。 本文基于ANSYS有限元分析軟件，選擇相應(yīng)的單元類型，，利用ANSYS特有的APDL語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行臂架系統(tǒng)不同臂節(jié)的建模和整個(gè)臂架系統(tǒng)的組裝工作。通過在各個(gè)臂節(jié)連接處的對(duì)稱位置設(shè)置支撐桿的方法來(lái)模擬地面對(duì)臂架的支承。用LINK10單元模擬變幅拉板和變幅鋼絲繩，利用其在溫度載荷下的線性變形特性，通過設(shè)置相關(guān)的線性熱膨脹系數(shù)和溫度載荷，使單元長(zhǎng)度勻速縮短，帶動(dòng)臂頭，實(shí)現(xiàn)起臂控制。本文以溫度載荷代替常規(guī)載荷，解決了起臂過程模擬中，由于拉板力大小和方向隨時(shí)間不斷變化，難以定義載荷步的問題。 首先采用ANSYS軟件的靜力學(xué)計(jì)算模塊進(jìn)行臂架在各個(gè)仰角的靜力學(xué)分析，提取危險(xiǎn)截面處主弦桿在各個(gè)角度的軸向力并擬合成曲線。提取主弦桿軸向應(yīng)力極值，并與其許用極限進(jìn)行比較，確定計(jì)算起臂工況的安全程度，為后面的動(dòng)力學(xué)分析作參考。 ANSYS結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析模塊中含有瞬態(tài)分析模塊，可對(duì)起臂過程進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。通過設(shè)置不同的起臂時(shí)間進(jìn)行起臂動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，得到危險(xiǎn)截面處主弦桿的軸向力時(shí)間歷程曲線，軸向應(yīng)力極值不超過許用極限作為起臂安全時(shí)間。并對(duì)起臂時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的工況進(jìn)行起臂方式的優(yōu)化，縮短起臂時(shí)間。 最后，為驗(yàn)證本文計(jì)算方法的正確性，進(jìn)行QUY70履帶起重機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主臂起臂工況測(cè)試。通過動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)變儀進(jìn)行起臂過程中主弦桿上應(yīng)變片的動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)采樣，將采集的應(yīng)變曲線進(jìn)行換算和處理，分別與有限元靜力計(jì)算結(jié)果和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析結(jié)果比較，驗(yàn)證本文算法的正確性。 本文對(duì)大型履帶起重機(jī)的起臂過程進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬，且提出了模擬臂架自重作用下部分接地的方法和溫度載荷控制起臂的控制方法，為起臂過程的模擬控制提出了新的思路。并且通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算方法的正確性，本文計(jì)算結(jié)果可為實(shí)際的起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)及起臂過程調(diào)試提供參考。
[Abstract]:The crawler crane has the advantages of large lifting weight, small grounding ratio, multiple combination modes of the arm frame, carrying and running, and the like, and is widely applied to large-scale projects such as petrochemical, wind power, water conservancy, railway and bridge construction. With the rapid development of national economic construction, more and more large-scale facility construction work needs to be completed, and it is necessary to transfer more weight and volume of goods and to achieve a higher lifting height. In this way, the large-scale crawler crane is more and more important in the large-tonnage, large-volume and high-rise height, and the domestic market demand for the large-scale crawler crane is increasing, and the market of the crawler crane is promoted to flourish. Because of the vigorous development of the large-scale construction project, the crawler crane has become an inevitable trend to the large-tonnage and large-lift height direction Potential. It is often adopted to extend the length of the arm support and to increase the working conditions of the main and auxiliary arms, so as to realize the higher lifting height and operating range of the crane, as well as the high performance of the crane under the large lifting height and the working amplitude. can. After the arm support is assembled, the arm head part is placed on the ground, and the connecting hinge point of the bottom joint arm and the rotary table is higher than the ground, ground. In the process of starting the arm, the luffing wire rope is tightened, the axial force component of the arm support is increased, the lower deflection of the arm frame is increased, and the secondary change is generated. The longer the arm support, the more the non-linear effect, and under the secondary deformation, the axial force of the arm support is greatly increased, which is easy to cause the instability of the arm support structure and can lead to the damage of the arm support during the operation of the arm. Bad. As the length of the arm support is longer, the arm process The more dangerous it is. In this paper, the arm process of the most long arm of the standard light arm, the super-lifting light arm and the super-lifting tower type auxiliary arm of a large-scale crawler crane of the XU construction machine is taken as the calculation working condition, and the static and the lifting arm dynamics of the arm support are carried out. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software of ANSYS, the corresponding unit type is selected, and the model of different arm sections of the arm support system and the whole arm support system are carried out by using the special APDL language of ANSYS. and the ground pair is simulated through the method of setting the supporting rod at the symmetrical position of the joint of each arm joint. The support of the arm support is simulated by using the LINK10 unit to simulate the luffing plate and the luffing wire rope, and the linear deformation characteristic of the luffing plate and the luffing wire rope under the temperature load is utilized, the linear thermal expansion coefficient and the temperature load are set, the length of the unit is shortened at a constant speed, the arm head is driven, In this paper, the temperature load is used instead of the conventional load to solve the problem that the load size and the direction of the pull plate are changing over time, and it is difficult to define the load. The method of the invention comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out static analysis on the arm support at various elevation angles by adopting the static calculation module of the ANSYS software, and extracting the axial direction of the main chord rod at various angles in the dangerous section; the axial stress extreme value of the main chord is extracted and compared with the allowable limit, the safety degree of the working condition of the arm is determined, The mechanical analysis is used as a reference. The structural dynamics analysis module of the ANSYS contains the transient analysis module, which can be used as the starting arm. The dynamic analysis of the process is carried out. The axial force time history curve of the main chord in the dangerous section is obtained by setting different starting arm times to obtain the axial force time history curve of the main chord in the dangerous section. The extreme value of the axial stress does not exceed the permissible pole. and can be used as the arm safety time, and the working condition of the arm time is long is taken as the arm mode. Optimize and shorten the arm time. Finally, to verify the correctness of the calculation method of this paper, the QUY70 track lifting is made. The dynamic strain data of the strain gauge on the main chord is sampled by the dynamic strain gauge, the collected strain curve is converted and processed, and the results are compared with the results of the static and dynamic analysis of the finite element. The correctness of the algorithm is verified. The dynamic simulation of the lifting arm of the large-scale crawler crane is carried out, and the method for simulating the partial grounding under the self-weight of the boom and the control method of the arm under the temperature load control are put forward. In this paper, the correctness of the calculation method is verified by the experiment, and the result of this paper can be the actual crane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3
本文編號(hào)：2385459
[Abstract]:The crawler crane has the advantages of large lifting weight, small grounding ratio, multiple combination modes of the arm frame, carrying and running, and the like, and is widely applied to large-scale projects such as petrochemical, wind power, water conservancy, railway and bridge construction. With the rapid development of national economic construction, more and more large-scale facility construction work needs to be completed, and it is necessary to transfer more weight and volume of goods and to achieve a higher lifting height. In this way, the large-scale crawler crane is more and more important in the large-tonnage, large-volume and high-rise height, and the domestic market demand for the large-scale crawler crane is increasing, and the market of the crawler crane is promoted to flourish. Because of the vigorous development of the large-scale construction project, the crawler crane has become an inevitable trend to the large-tonnage and large-lift height direction Potential. It is often adopted to extend the length of the arm support and to increase the working conditions of the main and auxiliary arms, so as to realize the higher lifting height and operating range of the crane, as well as the high performance of the crane under the large lifting height and the working amplitude. can. After the arm support is assembled, the arm head part is placed on the ground, and the connecting hinge point of the bottom joint arm and the rotary table is higher than the ground, ground. In the process of starting the arm, the luffing wire rope is tightened, the axial force component of the arm support is increased, the lower deflection of the arm frame is increased, and the secondary change is generated. The longer the arm support, the more the non-linear effect, and under the secondary deformation, the axial force of the arm support is greatly increased, which is easy to cause the instability of the arm support structure and can lead to the damage of the arm support during the operation of the arm. Bad. As the length of the arm support is longer, the arm process The more dangerous it is. In this paper, the arm process of the most long arm of the standard light arm, the super-lifting light arm and the super-lifting tower type auxiliary arm of a large-scale crawler crane of the XU construction machine is taken as the calculation working condition, and the static and the lifting arm dynamics of the arm support are carried out. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software of ANSYS, the corresponding unit type is selected, and the model of different arm sections of the arm support system and the whole arm support system are carried out by using the special APDL language of ANSYS. and the ground pair is simulated through the method of setting the supporting rod at the symmetrical position of the joint of each arm joint. The support of the arm support is simulated by using the LINK10 unit to simulate the luffing plate and the luffing wire rope, and the linear deformation characteristic of the luffing plate and the luffing wire rope under the temperature load is utilized, the linear thermal expansion coefficient and the temperature load are set, the length of the unit is shortened at a constant speed, the arm head is driven, In this paper, the temperature load is used instead of the conventional load to solve the problem that the load size and the direction of the pull plate are changing over time, and it is difficult to define the load. The method of the invention comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out static analysis on the arm support at various elevation angles by adopting the static calculation module of the ANSYS software, and extracting the axial direction of the main chord rod at various angles in the dangerous section; the axial stress extreme value of the main chord is extracted and compared with the allowable limit, the safety degree of the working condition of the arm is determined, The mechanical analysis is used as a reference. The structural dynamics analysis module of the ANSYS contains the transient analysis module, which can be used as the starting arm. The dynamic analysis of the process is carried out. The axial force time history curve of the main chord in the dangerous section is obtained by setting different starting arm times to obtain the axial force time history curve of the main chord in the dangerous section. The extreme value of the axial stress does not exceed the permissible pole. and can be used as the arm safety time, and the working condition of the arm time is long is taken as the arm mode. Optimize and shorten the arm time. Finally, to verify the correctness of the calculation method of this paper, the QUY70 track lifting is made. The dynamic strain data of the strain gauge on the main chord is sampled by the dynamic strain gauge, the collected strain curve is converted and processed, and the results are compared with the results of the static and dynamic analysis of the finite element. The correctness of the algorithm is verified. The dynamic simulation of the lifting arm of the large-scale crawler crane is carried out, and the method for simulating the partial grounding under the self-weight of the boom and the control method of the arm under the temperature load control are put forward. In this paper, the correctness of the calculation method is verified by the experiment, and the result of this paper can be the actual crane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3
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