【摘要】：頂驅(qū)的全稱為頂部驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆井裝置TDS(TOP DRIVE DRILLING SYSTEM),它是20世紀(jì)80年代國(guó)際鉆井領(lǐng)域中興起的一項(xiàng)新的鉆井技術(shù),是旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆井技術(shù)的一次重大突破。頂驅(qū)裝置代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)盤,可以節(jié)省接單根和間斷時(shí)間;遇到復(fù)雜地質(zhì)狀況,可以隨時(shí)接單根進(jìn)行循環(huán),減少了卡鉆事故的發(fā)生。頂部驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆井系統(tǒng)可從井架上部空間直接旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆桿,沿專用導(dǎo)軌向下送進(jìn),完成鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn),循環(huán)鉆井液,接立柱,上卸扣和倒劃眼等多種鉆井操作。該系統(tǒng)顯著提高了鉆井作業(yè)的能力和效率,并已成為石油鉆井行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品。 結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外頂驅(qū)的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì),可以清晰地看到國(guó)產(chǎn)頂驅(qū)與國(guó)外頂驅(qū)無(wú)論在技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)上或制造工藝上都存在著很大的距離。頂驅(qū)已成為限制我國(guó)石油工業(yè)走向世界的技術(shù)障礙。本文從國(guó)內(nèi)外頂驅(qū)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用出發(fā),對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)頂驅(qū)的性能進(jìn)行分析,提出國(guó)產(chǎn)頂驅(qū)優(yōu)化方案。根據(jù)頂驅(qū)及其液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理,應(yīng)用機(jī)械CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)出頂驅(qū)液壓集成閥板三維圖、施工圖,并應(yīng)用三維軟件檢驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。實(shí)地考察、實(shí)踐頂驅(qū)應(yīng)用情況,對(duì)頂驅(qū)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化,完善施工圖。搭建試驗(yàn)臺(tái),通過實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)頂驅(qū)液壓閥塊的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。進(jìn)一步對(duì)頂驅(qū)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得出最終方案。 解決頂驅(qū)液壓系統(tǒng)泄漏問題,從實(shí)際出發(fā),結(jié)合國(guó)外頂驅(qū)液壓密封技術(shù)提出改進(jìn)國(guó)產(chǎn)頂驅(qū)密封方案。從材料、原理出發(fā),進(jìn)一步探討低溫條件下頂驅(qū)液壓密封。 最后通過將優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行實(shí)地試驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn),對(duì)頂驅(qū)及液壓系統(tǒng)各項(xiàng)性能進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化頂驅(qū)液壓系統(tǒng)。為以后國(guó)產(chǎn)頂驅(qū)制造生產(chǎn)打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Top drive is called TDS (TOP DRIVE DRILLING SYSTEM), which is a new drilling technology in the international drilling field in 1980s. It is a great breakthrough in rotary drilling technology. Instead of the traditional turntable, the top drive device can save the connecting single root and discontinuous time, and when the complex geological conditions are encountered, it can be connected with the single root to cycle at any time, thus reducing the occurrence of drilling jam accident. The top drive drilling system can rotate the drill pipe directly from the upper space of the Derrick and feed down along the special guideway to complete various drilling operations such as rotary drilling, circulating drilling fluid, connecting post, up and down the hole and so on. The system has greatly improved the ability and efficiency of drilling operation, and has become the standard product of oil drilling industry. Combined with the research status and development trend of top drive at home and abroad, it is clear that there is a great distance between domestic top drive and foreign top drive in both technical design and manufacturing process. Top drive has become a technical obstacle to restrict the petroleum industry of our country to the world. Based on the practical application of domestic and foreign top drive, this paper analyzes the performance of domestic top drive, and puts forward the optimization scheme of domestic top drive. According to the working principle of top drive and its hydraulic system, the 3D drawing and working drawing of hydraulic integrated valve plate of top drive are designed by using mechanical CAD technology, and the feasibility of the design is verified by using three dimensional software. Field investigation, the practice of top drive application, the top drive hydraulic system further optimization, improve construction drawings. The design goal of hydraulic valve block of top drive was tested by experiment. The final scheme is obtained by optimizing the hydraulic system of top drive. In order to solve the leakage problem of hydraulic system of top drive, combining with the technology of hydraulic seal of top drive in foreign countries, this paper puts forward a scheme to improve the seal of top drive made in China. Based on the material and principle, the hydraulic seal of top drive under low temperature is further discussed. Finally, the performance of top drive and hydraulic system is tested and optimized by field test. For domestic top drive manufacturing production lay the foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH137

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