本文選題：滾動軸承 + 小波變換　； 參考：《安徽工程大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：滾動軸承作為旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的重要組成部分,滾動軸承的工況直接關(guān)系到整個設(shè)備的運(yùn)行性能,因此對生產(chǎn)的滾動軸承進(jìn)行快速準(zhǔn)確的故障檢測將有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文完成的滾動軸承在線檢測系統(tǒng),利用小波變換的方法對滾動軸承的振動信號進(jìn)行特征分析,實現(xiàn)診斷滾動軸承故障的目的,同時提高了檢測系統(tǒng)的智能化水平。 本文詳細(xì)的介紹了整個在線檢測系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行開發(fā)過程,檢測系統(tǒng)是以工控機(jī)、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡為核心,以傳感器、生產(chǎn)線控制裝置為輔并具有較高自動化水平機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng),涉及了計算機(jī)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)以及信號分析處理技術(shù)等。 在系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計過程中,充分考慮了各方面的因素。如在傳感器的選型上,充分尊重傳感器的選型原則,并力求保證其測量的精度。傳感器采集的滾動軸承的振動信號經(jīng)過濾波后,通過數(shù)據(jù)采集卡傳送到上位機(jī),就完成了對振動信號的采集與傳輸工作。在檢測系統(tǒng)中利用上位機(jī)提供了良好的人機(jī)交互界面,可以進(jìn)行故障檢測的監(jiān)測以及檢測結(jié)果的查詢和儲存,同時對傳送帶的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行控制,使整個系統(tǒng)的自動化程度得到加強(qiáng)。 當(dāng)滾動軸承出現(xiàn)局部表面損傷后,在運(yùn)行的過程中會周期性與其他部件發(fā)生撞擊而產(chǎn)生沖擊脈沖力。由于沖擊脈沖力的頻帶較寬,會包含在信號的各個固有頻率內(nèi),激起滾動軸承的各個固有振動,把原來的平穩(wěn)信號變?yōu)榉瞧椒�(wěn)信號。 針對滾動軸承會出現(xiàn)的問題,將小波變換方法應(yīng)用于對其振動信號的分析與處理中。通過與一些傳統(tǒng)方法的對比,說明了小波變換在分析信號過程中所具有的優(yōu)越性。本文詳細(xì)介紹了利用MATLAB中小波分析工具對滾動軸承的振動信號進(jìn)行分解,根據(jù)小波系數(shù)繪出能量分布圖,對出現(xiàn)故障的頻段進(jìn)行小波包重構(gòu),從這些結(jié)果中可以直觀便捷的觀察出滾動軸承的故障特征。 驗證表明,小波包擁有較好的故障診斷能力,本文利用小波包變換與能量譜的方法,成功的診斷出滾動軸承的常見故障,取得了較好的效果。
[Abstract]:As an important part of rotary machinery, the working condition of rolling bearing is directly related to the operation performance of the whole equipment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to carry out rapid and accurate fault detection of rolling bearings.In this paper, the on-line detection system of rolling bearing is developed. The characteristic analysis of vibration signal of rolling bearing is carried out by the method of wavelet transform, which realizes the purpose of diagnosing the fault of rolling bearing, and at the same time improves the intelligent level of the detection system.This paper introduces the running and developing process of the whole on-line detection system in detail. The detection system is based on industrial control computer, data acquisition card, sensor and production line control device, and has a high automation level mechatronics system.Computer control technology, sensor technology and signal analysis and processing technology are involved.In the design process of the system hardware system, all factors are fully considered.For example, the principle of sensor selection is fully respected and the accuracy of measurement is guaranteed.After the vibration signal of the rolling bearing collected by the sensor is filtered and transmitted to the upper computer through the data acquisition card, the acquisition and transmission of the vibration signal is completed.In the detection system, the upper computer provides a good man-machine interface, which can monitor the fault detection, query and store the test results, and control the running of the conveyor belt.Enhance the automation of the whole system.When the rolling bearing appears local surface damage, the impact pulse force will occur periodically during operation.Because of the wide frequency band of impulse force, it will be included in each natural frequency of the signal, which will arouse the inherent vibration of the rolling bearing and change the original stationary signal into the non-stationary signal.Aiming at the problems of rolling bearing, wavelet transform method is applied to the analysis and processing of its vibration signal.The advantages of wavelet transform in signal analysis are illustrated by comparison with some traditional methods.This paper introduces in detail how to decompose the vibration signal of rolling bearing by using MATLAB wavelet analysis tool, draw the energy distribution map according to the wavelet coefficient, and reconstruct the frequency band of fault by wavelet packet.From these results, the fault characteristics of rolling bearings can be observed intuitively and conveniently.The results show that the wavelet packet has better fault diagnosis ability. The method of wavelet packet transform and energy spectrum is used to diagnose the common faults of rolling bearing successfully, and good results are obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH133.33;TH165.3

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