本文選題：研發(fā)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃 + 工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：全球化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益加劇對(duì)機(jī)械制造企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)效率提出了越來(lái)越高的要求,如何縮短產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的項(xiàng)目周期,加快新產(chǎn)品的上市時(shí)間,成為企業(yè)亟待解決的難題。目前企業(yè)中大約有70%的研發(fā)項(xiàng)目不能按時(shí)完成,使新產(chǎn)品無(wú)法按預(yù)定計(jì)劃上市,錯(cuò)失了新產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)中的先機(jī)。導(dǎo)致此問(wèn)題的根本原因之一是在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理的過(guò)程中,項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃通常由項(xiàng)目管理人員憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)制定,任務(wù)分解的主觀性強(qiáng),任務(wù)間的耦合迭代被忽視,使任務(wù)的邏輯順序、任務(wù)的工時(shí)估算等不準(zhǔn)確,導(dǎo)致在實(shí)際執(zhí)行過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)過(guò)度迭代、資源沖突、任務(wù)拖期等問(wèn)題,計(jì)劃的可執(zhí)行性差,最終導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目拖期。在機(jī)械制造企業(yè)中75%的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)是基于實(shí)例的設(shè)計(jì),也就是說(shuō),多數(shù)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目是基于變型設(shè)計(jì)開展的。對(duì)基于變型設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目,在其開展之前,為進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的制定提供依據(jù)的產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)成、零部件設(shè)計(jì)的技能需求等信息是已知的。因此,本文重點(diǎn)研究基于產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)樹等數(shù)據(jù)和信息編制機(jī)械產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的方法,使進(jìn)度計(jì)劃更科學(xué),更符合產(chǎn)品研發(fā)實(shí)際,提高計(jì)劃的可執(zhí)行性。 在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中,產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和交付物是工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)(Work Breakdown Structure, WBS)中任務(wù)分解的依據(jù),基于此構(gòu)建了產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的WBS分解模型,提出了具體的研發(fā)任務(wù)分解過(guò)程和研發(fā)任務(wù)的標(biāo)識(shí)制定規(guī)則。根據(jù)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)樹層次性和復(fù)雜性的特點(diǎn),研究了基于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)樹的零部件研發(fā)任務(wù)的分解方法,制定了零部件和任務(wù)之間的一系列映射規(guī)則,構(gòu)建了映射的數(shù)學(xué)模型和映射算法的流程,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)樹的WBS自動(dòng)分解,提高了研發(fā)項(xiàng)目任務(wù)分解的規(guī)范化、準(zhǔn)確性和分解效率。 為清晰的描述和方便的分析研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中任務(wù)之間的信息交互關(guān)系,結(jié)合WBS分層的特點(diǎn),提出了基于分層設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣的建模方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了WBS中任意層次、任意部分研發(fā)任務(wù)對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣模型的構(gòu)建,以及模型隨任務(wù)的逐層分解不斷擴(kuò)展,降低了模型的構(gòu)建難度,同時(shí)提高了模型的構(gòu)建效率。在分層設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣建模的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)研究了耦合任務(wù)集的規(guī)劃排序,提出了基于可達(dá)矩陣的耦合任務(wù)集識(shí)別方法,研究了基于聚類分析法的耦合任務(wù)合并重組策略,構(gòu)建了基于數(shù)量依賴和信息依賴雙次序指標(biāo)的耦合任務(wù)集割裂算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了耦合任務(wù)的規(guī)劃排序。 為解決研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中的耦合任務(wù)貧信息、小樣本事件、不確定性的工時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)問(wèn)題,結(jié)合耦合任務(wù)集工時(shí)的離散型和振蕩性等特點(diǎn)提出了基于振幅壓縮灰色預(yù)測(cè)模型的耦合任務(wù)集工時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)方法。采用了平滑性算子對(duì)振蕩序列進(jìn)行平滑性處理運(yùn)算,推導(dǎo)構(gòu)建了振蕩序列的離散灰色預(yù)測(cè)DGM(1,1)模型,建立了耦合任務(wù)集工時(shí)灰色模擬預(yù)測(cè)的過(guò)程步驟。此工時(shí)灰色預(yù)測(cè)方法有效的減少了耦合任務(wù)集工時(shí)估算過(guò)程中灰因素的影響,提高了工時(shí)估算的準(zhǔn)確性。 在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中任務(wù)間的時(shí)序優(yōu)先關(guān)系是廣義優(yōu)先關(guān)系(generalized precedence relations, GPRs),即任務(wù)間存在開始-開始、開始-結(jié)束、結(jié)束-開始、結(jié)束-結(jié)束四種時(shí)序優(yōu)先關(guān)系,且每種時(shí)序優(yōu)先關(guān)系包含有最小／最大時(shí)滯要求�；诖搜芯苛丝紤]研發(fā)任務(wù)間GPRs下的多模式柔性資源受限項(xiàng)目調(diào)度問(wèn)題,分析了廣義優(yōu)先關(guān)系條件下任務(wù)開始時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間窗,構(gòu)建了GPRs下多模式柔性資源受限項(xiàng)目調(diào)度問(wèn)題的數(shù)學(xué)模型,使用遺傳算法對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解,提出了相應(yīng)的編碼和解碼方法,確定了項(xiàng)目任務(wù)的開始／結(jié)束時(shí)間、執(zhí)行模式、資源分配方案,完成了對(duì)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的編制,獲得了最終可執(zhí)行的總工期最短的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃。 在前面理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了研發(fā)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃管理的業(yè)務(wù)流程,擴(kuò)展了產(chǎn)品全生命周期管理系統(tǒng)的體系架構(gòu),開發(fā)實(shí)現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃管理的主要功能模塊,并在某企業(yè)的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組研發(fā)項(xiàng)目中成功實(shí)施應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In the process of product R & D project management , about 70 % of R & D projects in enterprises can ' t be completed on time .

In the research and development project of mechanical products , the product R & D process , product structure and deliverables are the basis of task decomposition in the Work Breakdown Structure ( WBS ) . Based on this , the WBS decomposition model of product R & D task is constructed . A series of mapping rules between components and tasks is proposed . Based on the hierarchy and complexity of the product structure tree , a series of mapping rules between components and tasks is developed .

This paper presents a modeling method based on hierarchical design structure matrix for the clear description and convenient analysis and development of the information interaction between tasks in the research and development project . Based on the layered design structure matrix modeling , the construction difficulty of the model is realized , and the construction efficiency of the model is improved . Based on the hierarchical design structure matrix modeling , the coupling task set identification method based on the clustering analysis method is studied , and the coupling task set splitting algorithm based on the quantitative dependence and the information dependency double order index is constructed , and the planning and ordering of the coupling tasks is realized .

In order to solve the problem of coupling task poverty information , small sample event and uncertain working hour forecast in R & D project , a method for predicting the time of coupling task set based on the gray prediction model of amplitude compression is presented in this paper . The smoothing operator is used to perform smoothing processing on the oscillation sequence . The discrete gray prediction DGM ( 1,1 ) model of the oscillation sequence is derived , and the process steps of the coupling task set man - hour grey simulation prediction are derived . This method effectively reduces the influence of the grey factor in the process of coupling task set man - hour estimation , and improves the accuracy of man - hour estimation .

The timing priority relationship among tasks in product R & D project is generalized precedence relations ( GPRS ) , that is , the start - to - end , end - end , end - start , end - end four timing priorities , and each timing priority relationship contains the minimum / maximum time lag requirement . Based on this research , a mathematical model for scheduling problem of multi - mode flexible resource constrained project under the condition of generalized precedence relation is analyzed .

Based on the previous research , the business process of the project schedule management is analyzed , the system architecture of the product lifecycle management system is expanded , the main function modules of the project schedule management are realized , and the application is successfully implemented in the research and development project of offshore wind generating set of an enterprise .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH186

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李鐵柱,王煒,武勇;城市道路交通空氣污染灰色聚類決策評(píng)價(jià)[J];東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2001年03期

2 黃敏鎂;羅榮桂;;柔性資源約束下的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)化調(diào)度研究[J];管理工程學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

3 楊文雅;;聚類分析算法理論研究綜述[J];華章;2012年23期

4 何恒;鄧家y，

本文編號(hào)：1746815