【摘要】：數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)是一種典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，數(shù)字控制的雕刻技術(shù)在雕刻行業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。電機(jī)控制的流暢性是評(píng)價(jià)一套數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是否優(yōu)良的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為控制電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的軟件，其設(shè)計(jì)上的合理性直接影響到電機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。本文采用嵌入式技術(shù)，研究和設(shè)計(jì)了一套數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的控制軟件。 本文首先分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外嵌入式數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)和軟件架構(gòu)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，，在此基礎(chǔ)上闡述了嵌入式軟件開發(fā)的相關(guān)技術(shù)理論，包括嵌入式軟件開發(fā)的特點(diǎn)、流程和設(shè)計(jì)方法，以及嵌入式系統(tǒng)的軟件層結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件架構(gòu)的概念模型。其次，根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)的功能要求，設(shè)計(jì)了控制系統(tǒng)的方案。通過插補(bǔ)算法和速度控制算法完成了雕刻機(jī)的軌跡控制，在插補(bǔ)算法中采用了以數(shù)字積分插補(bǔ)法和時(shí)間分割插補(bǔ)法為基礎(chǔ)的一種改進(jìn)的插補(bǔ)算法。在速度控制算法中對(duì)速度進(jìn)行了整體規(guī)劃后，采用了指數(shù)型加減速曲線控制方法來對(duì)數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的加減速進(jìn)行控制。然后搭建了以ARM9為主控芯片的硬件平臺(tái)并設(shè)計(jì)了相關(guān)的硬件電路。根據(jù)嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和本控制系統(tǒng)的要求，選擇了Windows CE嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)，并對(duì)該操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了性能分析和系統(tǒng)移植。最后用基于UML面向?qū)ο蟮姆治龇椒▽?duì)控制軟件進(jìn)行了分析，并建立了各種視圖，如用例圖、協(xié)作圖和狀態(tài)圖等，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用程序的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、主流程和圖形界面。然后根據(jù)Windows CE操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程和線程的特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用程序的線程架構(gòu)。最終設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的控制軟件。 數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)具有比較完善的雕刻加工功能，在設(shè)計(jì)的控制軟件下，數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)在加工過程中，速度變化平穩(wěn)，加工質(zhì)量也比較理想。實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套適用于數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的控制軟件，在加工效率、加工質(zhì)量等方面都達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)的要求。與本控制軟件配套的數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)已經(jīng)小批量生產(chǎn)且應(yīng)用到了實(shí)際的加工中。
[Abstract]:Numerical control engraving machine is a typical mechatronics product. With the development of society, digitally controlled engraving technology has been widely used in carving industry. The fluency of motor control is an important standard to evaluate whether a NC system is good or not. As the software to control the motor system, the rationality of its design directly affects the running state of the motor. In this paper, a set of control software of NC engraving machine control system is studied and designed by embedded technology. This paper first analyzes the development status of embedded CNC engraving machine and software architecture at home and abroad, and then expounds the related technical theory of embedded software development, including the characteristics, flow chart and design method of embedded software development. And the concept model of software layer structure and software architecture of embedded system. Secondly, according to the function requirement of the control system, the scheme of the control system is designed. The trajectory control of engraving machine is accomplished by interpolation algorithm and speed control algorithm. In the interpolation algorithm, an improved interpolation algorithm based on digital integral interpolation and time division interpolation is adopted. After the overall planning of the speed in the speed control algorithm, the exponential acceleration and deceleration curve control method is adopted to control the acceleration and deceleration of the NC engraving machine. Then the hardware platform with ARM9 as the main control chip is built and the related hardware circuit is designed. According to the characteristics of the embedded operating system and the requirements of the control system, the Windows CE embedded operating system is selected, and the performance of the operating system is analyzed and the system is transplanted. Finally, the control software is analyzed by using the object-oriented analysis method based on UML, and various views, such as use case diagram, collaboration diagram and state diagram, are established. On this basis, the overall structure of the application, the main flow chart and the graphical interface are designed. Then, according to the process and thread characteristics of Windows CE operating system, the thread architecture of application program is designed. Finally, the control software of NC engraving machine is designed and realized. The control system of NC engraving machine has perfect engraving and machining function. Under the control software, the speed of NC engraving machine changes steadily and the quality of machining is ideal. A set of control software which is suitable for NC engraving machine control system has been realized, and the design requirements have been achieved in the aspects of machining efficiency and machining quality. The NC engraving machine, which is compatible with the control software, has been produced in small quantities and applied to practical machining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TP368.1

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