【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,電腦已經(jīng)成為了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈凸ぷ髦胁豢苫蛉钡囊徊糠?隨之而來的電腦風(fēng)扇噪聲也越來越受到人們的重視。傳統(tǒng)的被動(dòng)降噪方法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以起到一定的降噪效果,但是實(shí)際中環(huán)境溫度的變化、風(fēng)扇上灰塵的積累、風(fēng)扇的老化等均會(huì)使降噪效果逐漸變差。而主動(dòng)噪聲控制(Active Noise Control)可以通過自適應(yīng)算法實(shí)時(shí)地響應(yīng)風(fēng)扇噪聲特性的變化,且對(duì)于低頻窄帶噪聲有著很好的降噪效果,故ANC技術(shù)在電腦風(fēng)扇噪聲的控制上將會(huì)有較大的應(yīng)用前景。 本文主要研究如何設(shè)計(jì)ANC系統(tǒng),確立其一般的設(shè)計(jì)流程以及在設(shè)計(jì)過程中所要解決的關(guān)鍵問題有哪些。通過研究,ANC系統(tǒng)的一般設(shè)計(jì)流程為：首先分析源噪聲特性,然后根據(jù)分析結(jié)果選擇合適的通道特性及控制特性。其中通道特性主要包括管道的尺寸、次級(jí)通道數(shù)量、電聲設(shè)備的空間分布,控制特性主要包括控制結(jié)構(gòu)、控制算法、算法參數(shù)的選擇、誤差通道的辨識(shí)。最后根據(jù)通道特性及控制特性選擇合適的硬件設(shè)備。 文中主要研究了管道的設(shè)計(jì)、自適應(yīng)的控制算法及自適應(yīng)濾波器、傳感器和揚(yáng)聲器的空間布置以及聲通道的自適應(yīng)辨識(shí)。其中管道的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)聲波導(dǎo)管理論以及揚(yáng)聲器和誤差傳感器位置的優(yōu)化；聲通道的辨識(shí)采用可控的離線自適應(yīng)辨識(shí)方法。在控制算法上本文研究了三種算法,考慮到電腦風(fēng)扇噪聲的特性以及管道尺寸較小,采用FbLMS算法作為ANC系統(tǒng)的控制算法,然后通過Matlab仿真確定算法參數(shù)對(duì)降噪效果的影響,并得到如下結(jié)論：收斂系數(shù)越大,系統(tǒng)收斂速度越快,但過大的收斂系數(shù)回事系統(tǒng)發(fā)散；濾波器長度越大,收斂速度越快,但會(huì)增加數(shù)據(jù)的吞吐量；算法對(duì)于窄帶噪聲有很好的降噪效果,但隨著帶寬的增加,降噪效果明顯下降；誤差通道傳遞函數(shù)的估計(jì)可以有一定的誤差,但不宜過大,否則系統(tǒng)發(fā)散。 最后為了驗(yàn)證主動(dòng)消聲理論與控制算法,搭建了硬件試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并對(duì)模擬的正弦噪聲進(jìn)行降噪,取得了一定的降噪效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Internet technology, computers have become an indispensable part of people's daily life and work, and the noise of computer fans has been paid more and more attention. The traditional passive noise reduction method can play a certain effect in a short period of time, but the change of environment temperature, the accumulation of dust on the fan and the aging of the fan will make the noise reduction effect worse gradually. The active noise control (Active Noise Control) can respond to the fan noise characteristics in real time by adaptive algorithm, and has a good noise reduction effect for low frequency narrow band noise. Therefore, ANC technology will have a great application prospect in the noise control of computer fan. This paper mainly studies how to design ANC system, how to establish its general design flow and what are the key problems to be solved in the design process. The general design flow of ANC system is as follows: firstly, the source noise characteristics are analyzed, and then the appropriate channel characteristics and control characteristics are selected according to the analysis results. The channel characteristics mainly include the size of pipeline, the number of secondary channels, the spatial distribution of electro-acoustic equipment, and the control characteristics mainly include control structure, control algorithm, algorithm parameter selection, error channel identification. Finally, according to the channel characteristics and control characteristics, select the appropriate hardware equipment. In this paper, the design of pipeline, adaptive control algorithm and adaptive filter, space arrangement of sensor and loudspeaker and adaptive identification of acoustic channel are studied. The design of the pipeline is based on the acoustic tube theory and the optimization of the speaker and error sensor position, and the sound channel identification adopts the controllable off-line adaptive identification method. Considering the noise characteristics of computer fan and the small size of pipeline, FbLMS algorithm is used as the control algorithm of ANC system, and then the effect of algorithm parameters on noise reduction is determined by Matlab simulation. The conclusions are as follows: the larger the convergence coefficient, the faster the system convergence speed, but the larger the convergence coefficient, the faster the convergence speed is, but the faster the data throughput is, and the larger the filter length is, the faster the convergence speed is. The algorithm has a good noise reduction effect for narrow band noise, but with the increase of bandwidth, the noise reduction effect is obviously reduced; the estimation of the error channel transfer function can have some errors, but not too large, otherwise the system diverges. Finally, in order to verify the active noise theory and control algorithm, a hardware test platform is built, and the simulated sinusoidal noise is de-noised, and the noise reduction effect is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TP306.2;TB535.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 吳斌,費(fèi)仁元,周大森;管道噪聲有源控制的聲學(xué)特性研究 Ⅰ理論分析[J];北京工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年04期

2 胡嘯,胡愛群,程石;一種窄帶主動(dòng)噪聲控制系統(tǒng)次聲學(xué)路徑建模技術(shù)[J];電路與系統(tǒng)學(xué)報(bào);2003年06期

3 趙秋玲,周雅莉,張奇志;管道噪聲有源控制的模型研究[J];電聲技術(shù);2004年02期

4 汪光森,王乘;自適應(yīng)主動(dòng)噪聲控制系統(tǒng)的仿真研究[J];電聲技術(shù);2004年08期

5 王進(jìn)軍,陳克安,王健;基于延遲LMS算法的管道噪聲有源控制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];電聲技術(shù);2005年09期

6 王進(jìn)軍,陳克安,閆靚;有源控制中通路建模模型研究[J];電聲技術(shù);2005年10期

7 張有鵬;劉郁林;楊磊;;基于DSP的主動(dòng)噪聲控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];電聲技術(shù);2007年11期

8 劉建民;喻承江;王岳;;基于魯棒控制的管道噪聲有源控制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];電聲技術(shù);2008年01期

9 吳亞鋒,姜節(jié)勝,張森社;主動(dòng)噪聲控制技術(shù)在工業(yè)換風(fēng)扇降噪中的應(yīng)用[J];風(fēng)機(jī)技術(shù);2001年01期

10 張菊香,邱陽;窗式空調(diào)器的主動(dòng)噪聲控制評(píng)述[J];機(jī)械科學(xué)與技術(shù);2000年S1期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 王進(jìn)軍;管道噪聲有源控制的工程實(shí)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用研究[D];西北工業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

2 仲維彬;基于平面聲源的有源噪聲控制研究[D];西北工業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

3 陳莉;自適應(yīng)濾波算法與應(yīng)用研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2006年

4 王秀紅;自適應(yīng)濾波算法研究與改進(jìn)[D];山東大學(xué);2006年

5 薄中;雙通道自適應(yīng)有源噪聲控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2009年

6 魏明珠;管道噪聲有源控制系統(tǒng)的研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

7 孟小猛;自適應(yīng)濾波算法研究及應(yīng)用[D];北京郵電大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：2167236