本文選題：車用微控制器　切入點：模糊邏輯部件　出處：《湖南大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：微控制器在汽車電子領域的廣泛應用，使現(xiàn)代汽車正向著智能化和網(wǎng)絡化方向發(fā)展。國外從20世紀70年代后期開始致力于微控制器在汽車電子中的應用與研究，現(xiàn)已形成較成熟的車用微控制器產(chǎn)品和解決方案。而國內起步晚、發(fā)展速度慢，具有成熟的自主知識產(chǎn)權的車用微控制器產(chǎn)品基本還是空白。因此，研制具有我國自主知識產(chǎn)權的車用微控制器芯片是我國科技工作者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。 隨著汽車電子控制系統(tǒng)所在環(huán)境的復雜化和干擾多元化，具有很好適應性的模糊邏輯控制技術被引入車用微控制器的指令集中。Freescale HCS12是世界上第一個包含完整的模糊邏輯指令的微控制器。本課題通過分析車用微控制器的特點與使用范圍，設計一款兼容于Freescale HCS12指令集的16位車用微控制器。本文負責模糊邏輯與后臺調試模式(Background Debug Mode，BDM)部件研究與設計，并對系統(tǒng)的安全性問題進行分析與應對。論文的主要工作如下： 通過研究車用微控制器的特征與指令集，設計了兩讀兩寫四總線數(shù)據(jù)通路結構。在參考硬件設計方法的基礎上，采用“自頂向下”的層次化設計思路，進行系統(tǒng)模塊劃分及模塊間接口信號定義，并對系統(tǒng)的安全性進行了分析。 通過分析模糊邏輯指令的體系結構，設計了模糊邏輯微指令格式，提出了模糊邏輯部件16位統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)通路和兩個快速運算單元的結構。提出的統(tǒng)一通路和結構，使用一個運算模塊就可以滿足模糊邏輯指令中8位/16位的有符號/無符號運算，避免了運算模塊的重復，減少了部件的占用面積，兩個ALU的結構可以實現(xiàn)運算的并行性，從而提高模糊邏輯指令執(zhí)行速度。模糊邏輯指令測試的結果表明設計的模糊邏輯部件達到了目標。 在對BDM的指令結構和通信時序深入分析的基礎上，設計了BDM部件的數(shù)據(jù)通路及接口信號，提出一種BDM指令集的快速譯碼方案，實現(xiàn)了BDM接口握手協(xié)議、BDM指令譯碼及執(zhí)行和BDM字節(jié)通信的設計。對BDM部件的仿真與FPGA驗證結果證實BDM通信時序的正確性及BDM指令的有效譯碼與執(zhí)行。 針對系統(tǒng)安全性，通過研究AES的攻擊與掩碼技術，提出了GF(((22)2)2)域上一種基于門級掩碼的輸入中間值與輸入掩碼值構成非線性關系的S-盒設計方案，，并將已設計的S-盒應用于AES中完成GF(((22)2)2)域上基于掩碼的AES抗功耗攻擊方案，改進的S-盒與已有的S-盒進行了比較與分析，結果表明，改進的S-盒能有效抵抗功耗攻擊與glitch攻擊，與現(xiàn)有的S-盒相比綜合性能更優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of microcontroller in the field of automobile electronics, modern automobile is developing towards intelligence and networking. Since the late 1970s, the application and research of microcontroller in automobile electronics have been devoted to. But the domestic starts late, the development speed is slow, the vehicle microcontroller product which has the mature independent intellectual property right is basically blank. It is a challenge for Chinese science and technology workers to develop vehicle microcontroller chip with our own intellectual property rights. With the complexity and interference of the environment in which the automotive electronic control system is located, The adaptive fuzzy logic control technique is introduced into the instruction set of vehicle microcontroller. Freescale HCS12 is the first microcontroller with complete fuzzy logic instruction in the world. Characteristics and scope of use, A 16-bit microcontroller compatible with the Freescale HCS12 instruction set is designed. This paper is responsible for the research and design of the fuzzy logic and background debugging mode Debug mode BDM, and analyzes and solves the security problems of the system. The main work of this paper is as follows:. By studying the characteristics and instruction sets of vehicle microcontrollers, the data path structure of two readings, two writes and four buses is designed. On the basis of the reference hardware design method, the hierarchical design idea of "top-down" is adopted. The system module is divided and the interface signal between modules is defined, and the security of the system is analyzed. By analyzing the architecture of fuzzy logic instruction, the format of fuzzy logic microinstruction is designed, and the structure of 16 bits uniform data path and two fast operation units of fuzzy logic component is proposed. Using one operation module can satisfy the signed / unsigned operation of 8-bit / 16-bit in the fuzzy logic instruction, avoid the repetition of the operation module, reduce the occupied area of the parts, and the structure of the two ALU can realize the parallelism of the operation. The result of fuzzy logic instruction test shows that the designed fuzzy logic unit has achieved the goal. Based on the deep analysis of the instruction structure and communication timing of BDM, the data path and interface signal of BDM are designed, and a fast decoding scheme of BDM instruction set is proposed. The design of BDM handshake protocol decoding and execution and BDM byte communication are implemented. The results of BDM simulation and FPGA verification verify the correctness of BDM communication timing and the effective decoding and execution of BDM instructions. In view of the security of the system, by studying the attack and mask technology of AES, this paper presents a Sbox design scheme in which the input intermediate value and the input mask value form a nonlinear relationship in the domain of AES. The designed S- box is applied to AES to complete the masking based AES power attack scheme. The improved S- box is compared with the existing S- box. The results show that the improved S- box can resist power attack and glitch attack effectively. Compared with the existing S- box, the comprehensive performance is better.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U463.6;TP368.11

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