【摘要】：隨著西安地鐵建設(shè)的持續(xù)展開以及淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)越性，黃土地層淺埋暗挖大斷面地鐵工程將會越來越多。然而，由于黃土特殊的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)，黃土隧道的工程特征與普通隧道有相當(dāng)大的差異，淺埋大斷面黃土隧道的設(shè)計和修建技術(shù)尚需進(jìn)一步的完善和改進(jìn)。因此，本文以西安地鐵三號線實體工程為依托，通過理論分析、現(xiàn)場測試、數(shù)值模擬等研究手段，對淺埋暗挖大斷面黃土地鐵隧道的荷載作用特征和支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力特性展開研究，主要開展了以下工作： 首先，廣泛調(diào)查收集與本課題有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)，總結(jié)和歸納現(xiàn)有的淺埋暗挖工法、黃土隧道以及大斷面地鐵隧道的研究成果，為后續(xù)工作的展開奠定基礎(chǔ)。 其次，以西安地鐵三號線咸~長區(qū)間為工程依托，進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場測試。通過在圍巖及支護(hù)體系中布設(shè)壓力盒、鋼筋計、表面應(yīng)變計、混凝土應(yīng)變計等測試元件，對支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測，獲得了大量的試驗數(shù)據(jù)。并根據(jù)實測結(jié)果，分析該大斷面黃土地鐵隧道的圍巖壓力及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力特性。主要得出了以下結(jié)論：接觸壓力整體上小下大，側(cè)向壓力及拱腳底部壓力較大，拆撐及二襯的施作對其具有較大的影響；采用目前較為成熟和常用的淺埋圍巖壓力計算公式計算，其結(jié)果偏于保守；格柵拱架在支護(hù)初期噴射混凝土強(qiáng)度尚未完全形成及臨時支撐拆除時支撐作用明顯；中壁型鋼受力顯著，尤其是先行導(dǎo)洞，可見圍巖應(yīng)力主要通過先行導(dǎo)洞的開挖釋放，分導(dǎo)洞錯開開挖時，支護(hù)應(yīng)及時封閉；初支與二襯承受荷載比例分別為35.32%和64.68%，二襯作為承載主體，，承擔(dān)了大部分的荷載；不同位置混凝土內(nèi)力差別較大，邊墻及以上受壓，仰拱處受拉。 最后，采用有限元軟件對依托工程進(jìn)行仿真分析，用二維模型模擬了隧道的開挖和支護(hù)，分析研究淺埋暗挖大斷面黃土地鐵隧道支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力特性，并與現(xiàn)場測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析。 本文的研究結(jié)果可為淺埋暗挖大斷面黃土地鐵隧道以及類似地下工程的設(shè)計及施工提供一定的理論依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of Xi'an subway construction and the superiority of shallow underground excavation method, there will be more and more subway projects with large cross-section of shallow buried excavation in loess layer. However, because of the special physical and mechanical properties of loess, the engineering characteristics of loess tunnel are quite different from those of ordinary tunnel, and the design and construction technology of shallow loess tunnel with large section still needs to be further improved and improved. Therefore, based on the Xi'an Metro Line 3 solid project, through theoretical analysis, field testing, numerical simulation and other research means, In this paper, the characteristics of load action and supporting structure of large section loess subway tunnel are studied. The main work is as follows: firstly, extensive investigation and collection of literature related to this subject. This paper summarizes and sums up the existing research results of shallow excavation method, loess tunnel and large section subway tunnel, which lays a foundation for the following work. Secondly, based on the salty ~ long section of Xi'an Metro Line No. 3, a comprehensive and systematic field test is carried out. By installing pressure box, steel bar meter, surface strain gauge and concrete strain gauge in surrounding rock and supporting system, the stress state of supporting structure is monitored and a large number of test data are obtained. Based on the measured results, the surrounding rock pressure and the mechanical characteristics of the supporting structure of the large section loess subway tunnel are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: the overall contact pressure is small and large, the lateral pressure and the bottom pressure of arch foot are large, the removal of brace and the application of second lining have great influence on it; The results of calculating the pressure of shallow surrounding rock by using the mature and commonly used formulas are conservative, the grid arch frame has not been fully formed in the initial stage of support, and the support effect is obvious when the temporary support is removed. The stress of the middle section steel is obvious, especially the pilot tunnel. The surrounding rock stress is mainly released through the excavation of the leading tunnel, and the support should be closed in time when the diversion tunnel is staggered and excavated. The ratio of initial support to second liner is 35.32% and 64.68% respectively. As the main bearing body, the second liner bears most of the load, and the internal force of concrete varies greatly in different positions, the side wall and above are compressed, and the inverted arch is pulled. Finally, the supporting engineering is simulated with finite element software, and the excavation and support of tunnel are simulated by two-dimensional model, and the mechanical characteristics of shallow buried large section loess subway tunnel support structure are analyzed and studied. And the results are compared with the field test results. The research results of this paper can provide certain theoretical basis and guidance for the design and construction of shallow buried large section loess subway tunnel and similar underground engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U231;U451

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