【摘要】：我國已從道路建設(shè)的高峰期快速進(jìn)入以養(yǎng)護(hù)和維修為主的管養(yǎng)期,道路管理部門將長期面臨艱巨的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理任務(wù)。全面準(zhǔn)確、快速可靠地掌握路面病害數(shù)據(jù)是科學(xué)養(yǎng)護(hù)管理決策的關(guān)鍵。車轍作為瀝青路面主要病害形式之一,不僅直接影響行車安全性和舒適性,還嚴(yán)重危害道路結(jié)構(gòu)整體性和穩(wěn)定性。因此獲取準(zhǔn)確、可靠的車轍檢測數(shù)據(jù)是路面狀況評價與養(yǎng)護(hù)決策的重要任務(wù)。目前國內(nèi)外廣泛采用的路面車轍人工直尺測量方法因耗時、費(fèi)力且危險性高已逐漸被多點(diǎn)激光檢測系統(tǒng)替代。然而,多點(diǎn)激光技術(shù)受激光點(diǎn)數(shù)量制約和檢測車輛橫向偏移的影響,常產(chǎn)生車轍深度檢測結(jié)果的低估,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致車轍嚴(yán)重程度的誤判。同時,多點(diǎn)激光檢測系統(tǒng)難以獲取車轍三維細(xì)觀形貌,難以準(zhǔn)確計算車轍多維度特征,分析現(xiàn)有的車轍一維深度檢測數(shù)據(jù)無法為管理者提供全面、真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的車轍信息,制約了公路養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的科學(xué)化、精細(xì)化發(fā)展。本文首先通過收集大量相關(guān)資料和文獻(xiàn),基于先進(jìn)的商用三維線激光設(shè)備,分析了三維線激光檢測原理與特性,進(jìn)一步地,通過室內(nèi)實(shí)驗分析了檢測系統(tǒng)的掃描線間隔與架設(shè)高度等參數(shù)對三維成像特性的影響;然后,分別以大理石、水泥板、瀝青板和標(biāo)定板為檢測對象,研究不同特性的材料對激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性與重復(fù)性影響;針對黑、黃、白三種路面常見顏色和不同路面構(gòu)造深度,研究了被測物體表面色彩和構(gòu)造深度對激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)特性的影響;最后,分析了檢測過程中線激光數(shù)據(jù)異常值特性,通過室內(nèi)外實(shí)驗研究了缺失點(diǎn)與突變點(diǎn)的可能成因;借助MATLAB平臺編制了路面車轍多維度特征參數(shù)提取軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了車轍多維度特征參數(shù)提取,并通過室內(nèi)試驗驗證了車轍多維度指標(biāo)提取算法的準(zhǔn)確性。通過對新興三維線激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)特性分析,并對其在路面車轍多維度指標(biāo)檢測進(jìn)行研究,是對三維線激光技術(shù)在路面管理領(lǐng)域適用性的初步探究,是對我國現(xiàn)有車轍分析技術(shù)的完善,對推進(jìn)公路養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的科學(xué)化、精細(xì)化建設(shè)有益補(bǔ)充。
[Abstract]:Our country has entered the maintenance and maintenance period from the peak period of road construction, and the road management department will face the arduous task of maintenance and management for a long time. It is the key of scientific maintenance management to grasp the pavement disease data accurately and quickly. Rutting, as one of the main diseases of asphalt pavement, not only directly affects the driving safety and comfort, but also seriously endangers the integrity and stability of road structure. Therefore, obtaining accurate and reliable rut detection data is an important task in pavement condition evaluation and maintenance decision. At present, the manual measuring method of pavement rutting has been gradually replaced by multipoint laser detection system because of its time-consuming, laborious and dangerous measurement method, which is widely used at home and abroad. However, the multi-point laser technology is influenced by the number of laser points and the lateral migration of vehicles, which often leads to the underestimation of the detection results of rutting depth, which leads to the misjudgment of the severity of rutting. At the same time, the multi-point laser detection system is difficult to obtain 3D micro-morphology of ruts and calculate the multi-dimensional features of ruts accurately. Analyzing the existing data of one-dimensional rutting depth detection can not provide the administrator with comprehensive, true and accurate rutting information. It restricts the scientific development of highway maintenance management. Based on the advanced commercial 3D line laser equipment, the principle and characteristics of 3D line laser detection are analyzed in this paper. The effects of scanning line spacing and erection height on the 3D imaging characteristics of the detection system are analyzed through laboratory experiments. Then, the accuracy and repeatability of laser point cloud data were studied by using marble, cement slab, asphalt plate and calibration board respectively. Aiming at the common colors of black, yellow and white pavement and different road structure depth, the influence of surface color and structure depth on the characteristics of laser point cloud data is studied. Finally, the characteristics of abnormal values of line laser data in the detection process are analyzed, and the possible causes of missing points and abrupt points are studied through indoor and outdoor experiments. With the help of MATLAB platform, the software for extracting multi-dimensional rutting parameters is developed, and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by indoor experiments. By analyzing the characteristics of the new 3D line laser point cloud data, and studying the multi-dimensional index detection of rutting on the road surface, it is a preliminary exploration of the applicability of 3D line laser technology in the field of road surface management. It is a useful supplement to the improvement of rutting analysis technology in China, to the scientific management of highway maintenance and to the fine construction of highway maintenance management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U418.6

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