本文選題：駕駛行為 + 個(gè)體特征�。� 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：駕駛員是道路交通系統(tǒng)中最重要的組成因素，在車(chē)輛運(yùn)行中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)作用。如果駕駛員自身出現(xiàn)異常，導(dǎo)致駕駛能力下降，勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)其駕駛安全帶來(lái)威脅。實(shí)際的道路交通事故統(tǒng)計(jì)也表明，大多數(shù)的交通事故是由駕駛員自身造成的，駕駛員不當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛行為是導(dǎo)致交通事故的重要原因。因此，在交通安全領(lǐng)域研究中，對(duì)駕駛員的研究十分重要，特別是研究駕駛行為特征與交通安全的關(guān)系具有重要意義。 在駕駛員危險(xiǎn)駕駛狀態(tài)中，酒后駕駛是典型的一種，尤其是容易造成惡性交通事故的一種危險(xiǎn)駕駛狀態(tài)。雖然世界各國(guó)均通過(guò)立法方式進(jìn)行嚴(yán)厲禁止，但酒后駕駛現(xiàn)象仍然存在，因此需要探索研究新的識(shí)別方法，輔助酒后駕駛的檢測(cè)。而駕駛行為受駕駛員狀態(tài)的直接影響，同時(shí)駕駛行為是駕駛員持續(xù)表現(xiàn)出的參數(shù)，不接觸駕駛員即可進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。那么，基于駕駛行為特征的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)的檢測(cè)為此問(wèn)題提供了新的思路。然而，在駕駛行為研究中，駕駛員的個(gè)體差異性是降低駕駛行為研究準(zhǔn)確性的重要因素，需要首先解決這項(xiàng)問(wèn)題，以駕駛員個(gè)體特征為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行酒后駕駛狀態(tài)的識(shí)別，以提高識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確性。 本研究中，，基于駕駛模擬綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，針對(duì)駕駛行為與酒后駕駛狀態(tài)的關(guān)系展開(kāi)研究。分析了飲酒影響駕駛員的機(jī)理，研究了酒后駕駛行為的一般特征，建立了駕駛員個(gè)體特征模型，并根據(jù)此模型提出了基于駕駛行為個(gè)體特征的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)識(shí)別方法。主要內(nèi)容如下： 首先，基于駕駛模擬綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，設(shè)計(jì)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)采集。針對(duì)駕駛員的一般研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法，介紹了面向人因因素研究的綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。該平臺(tái)圍繞駕駛模擬器，配合主觀調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、駕駛適應(yīng)性特征檢測(cè)平臺(tái)以及駕駛員動(dòng)態(tài)生理檢測(cè)儀，組成了綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，使其能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)駕駛員的個(gè)性特征、駕駛適應(yīng)性、動(dòng)態(tài)駕駛特征等數(shù)據(jù)的采集。基于此平臺(tái)，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了駕駛員在正常狀態(tài)和不同飲酒水平的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)下的模擬駕駛實(shí)驗(yàn)，重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了實(shí)驗(yàn)中的虛擬場(chǎng)景及實(shí)驗(yàn)流程，詳細(xì)闡述了實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)于影響因素的控制方法，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了支持本研究的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。 其次，分析了飲酒影響駕駛員的機(jī)理。從酒后駕駛時(shí)的主觀特征和駕駛適應(yīng)性特征兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了探討。運(yùn)用基本統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)主觀特征進(jìn)行了分布特征分析，說(shuō)明駕駛員各方面的主觀變化特征；運(yùn)用重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析和logistic回歸分析對(duì)駕駛適應(yīng)性指標(biāo)特征進(jìn)行了研究，說(shuō)明了酒后駕駛影響駕駛員的基本機(jī)理。研究表明，酒后駕駛時(shí)駕駛員態(tài)度激進(jìn)，傾向冒險(xiǎn)，認(rèn)知反應(yīng)能力明顯下降，更重要的是駕駛員的感知能力下降，道路環(huán)境信息的正確獲取能力下降，尤其表現(xiàn)在視覺(jué)方面�；诖�，從車(chē)輛的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和駕駛員操作行為兩方面的特征探討說(shuō)明了酒后駕駛行為特征指標(biāo)的選取角度和方法。 再次，分析了酒后駕駛狀態(tài)下駕駛行為特征。主要運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法對(duì)駕駛員在正常以及不同飲酒水平的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)的駕駛行為數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。首先對(duì)車(chē)輛運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，即速度、橫向位置特征進(jìn)行分析，分析中同時(shí)考慮道路條件的影響。通過(guò)研究明確了酒后駕駛時(shí)車(chē)速偏高，且車(chē)輛橫、縱向運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性下降的特征，并說(shuō)明了酒后駕駛對(duì)駕駛行為的影響與道路條件相關(guān)。其次，對(duì)駕駛員操作行為，即加速踏板、制動(dòng)踏板、轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)、離合等數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了研究，證明了駕駛員在酒后駕駛時(shí)踩踏踏板更深更快，離合松弛更快、反應(yīng)較慢，同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)向控制的細(xì)微操作減少、規(guī)律性變差等特征。通過(guò)影響分析研究，提取了受酒后駕駛狀態(tài)顯著影響的多種駕駛行為指標(biāo)，并基于這些指標(biāo)，探索了基于駕駛行為的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)識(shí)別方法。 第四，驗(yàn)證了駕駛員個(gè)體特征，建立了駕駛行為個(gè)體特征模型。運(yùn)用相關(guān)性分析方法對(duì)駕駛員自身以及不同駕駛員之間的駕駛特征進(jìn)行了分析，證明了個(gè)體特征和個(gè)體差異性。針對(duì)駕駛行為時(shí)序特征，運(yùn)用隱馬爾可夫模型（HMM）進(jìn)行了建模探索，說(shuō)明了駕駛行為個(gè)體特征來(lái)源于駕駛習(xí)慣，證明了基于時(shí)序特征研究駕駛行為的可行性。綜合各項(xiàng)駕駛行為，運(yùn)用高斯混合隱馬爾可夫模型（GHMM）實(shí)現(xiàn)了駕駛員在典型道路條件下的個(gè)體特征建模，并驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。 最后，提出了基于個(gè)體特征模型的酒后駕駛識(shí)別方法。通過(guò)對(duì)正常與酒后狀態(tài)下的個(gè)體特征模型參數(shù)的對(duì)比，確定了酒后駕駛時(shí)個(gè)體特征模型參數(shù)的變化傾向，提取出了6項(xiàng)識(shí)別指標(biāo)，確立了基于這些指標(biāo)的酒后駕駛狀態(tài)基本識(shí)別方法，并證明了該方法在駕駛員狀態(tài)識(shí)別方面的應(yīng)用潛力。同時(shí)，對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)的基于駕駛行為的不良駕駛評(píng)估軟件平臺(tái)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)介，說(shuō)明了其中酒后駕駛識(shí)別預(yù)警的基本算法。 本次研究主要從駕駛行為特征研究出發(fā)，通過(guò)對(duì)每個(gè)駕駛員建立個(gè)體特征模型來(lái)解決駕駛行為個(gè)體差異性問(wèn)題。通過(guò)對(duì)酒后駕駛影響機(jī)理分析以及對(duì)駕駛行為與酒后駕駛狀態(tài)的關(guān)系研究，提出確定了一種新的酒后駕駛識(shí)別方法。整個(gè)研究結(jié)果不僅有利于酒后駕駛問(wèn)題解決，而且對(duì)于駕駛行為相關(guān)其他研究具有推動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:The driver is the most important component in the road traffic system and plays a leading role in the running of the vehicle . If the driver ' s own abnormality causes the driving ability to fall , the driver ' s driving safety is threatened . The actual road traffic accident statistics also show that the driver ' s improper driving behavior is the important cause of the traffic accident . Therefore , it is very important to study the driver ' s research in the field of traffic safety , especially to study the relationship between driving behavior characteristics and traffic safety .

In the driver ' s dangerous driving state , drunk driving is a typical one , especially one kind of dangerous driving state which can easily cause malignant traffic accidents . Although all the countries in the world are strictly prohibited by legislation mode , the driving behavior of drunk driving is still existed , so it is necessary to explore new identification methods to assist in the detection of drunk driving . However , the driver ' s individual difference is the important factor to reduce the accuracy of driving behavior research .

In this study , the relationship between the driving behavior and the drunk driving state is studied based on the comprehensive experimental platform of driving simulation . The mechanism of drunk driving behavior is analyzed . The general characteristics of drunk driving behavior are studied , and the driver ' s individual characteristic model is established . According to the model , a method for recognizing drunk driving state based on individual characteristics of driving behavior is proposed .

First , based on the comprehensive experiment platform of driving simulation , the data acquisition is carried out based on the comprehensive experiment platform . In view of the general research content and method of the driver , the comprehensive experimental platform for human factor research is introduced . Based on the platform , the simulation driving experiment of driver ' s personality characteristics , driving adaptability and dynamic driving characteristics is introduced . Based on the platform , the virtual scene and the experimental flow in the experiment are designed and realized , and the control method of influencing factors in the experiment is explained in detail , and the basic data for supporting the study are obtained through experiments .

Secondly , the mechanism of influencing the driver is analyzed . The subjective characteristics and the driving adaptability characteristics of drunk driving are discussed . The subjective characteristics are analyzed by using the basic statistical method , and the subjective change characteristics of the driver are explained .
This paper studies the characteristics of driving adaptability index by means of repeated measurement variance analysis and logistic regression analysis , illustrates the basic mechanism of drunk driving influence driver . The research shows that the driver ' s attitude is aggressive , the tendency to take risk and the ability of cognitive response decrease obviously when drunk driving , and it is more important that the driver ' s perceived ability decrease and the correct acquisition ability of road environment information falls , especially in the visual aspect .

This paper analyzes the driving behavior data of drunk driving under the condition of drunk driving .

Fourth , the characteristics of the driver ' s individual are verified , and the individual characteristic model of the driving behavior is established . The characteristics of the driver and the difference of the individual are analyzed by using the correlation analysis method . The characteristics of the driving behavior are derived from the driving habits , and the feasibility of the driving behavior based on the timing characteristics is proved .

Finally , a method for recognizing drunk driving based on individual characteristic model is put forward . By comparing the parameters of individual character models under normal and post - alcoholic conditions , six identification indexes are determined , six identification indexes are extracted , and the application potential of the method in driver ' s state identification is established . At the same time , a brief introduction is made on the development of the poor driving evaluation software platform based on the driving behavior , and the basic algorithm for recognizing early warning of drunk driving is described .

Based on the study of driving behavior characteristics , this paper proposes a new identification method for drunk driving by establishing an individual characteristic model for each driver . By analyzing the influence mechanism of drunk driving and the relationship between driving behavior and drunk driving state , a new identification method for drunk driving is put forward . The whole research result is not only beneficial to post - drunk driving problem solving , but also has a pushing effect on other research related to driving behavior .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.254

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 鄧曉;李鎰沖;王麗敏;段蕾蕾;趙文華;;2010年我國(guó)成人道路交通傷害行為危險(xiǎn)因素流行特點(diǎn)[J];中華疾病控制雜志;2013年10期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 蔡志華;汽車(chē)碰撞中胸部生物力學(xué)響應(yīng)與損傷評(píng)估研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2013年

2 成亮;湖南省骨盆創(chuàng)傷數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研制與多中心流行病學(xué)研究[D];中南大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 周榮軍;南寧某社區(qū)傷害現(xiàn)狀及疾病負(fù)擔(dān)研究[D];廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2013年

2 劉卓;交通安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2013年

3 姜丹;三峽庫(kù)區(qū)復(fù)雜天氣條件下船舶航行安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警等級(jí)研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

4 湯洪秀;酒后駕駛行為及其相關(guān)因素的調(diào)查研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2012年

5 趙霞;汽車(chē)酒駕與車(chē)內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量狀態(tài)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)研究[D];長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué);2014年

本文編號(hào)：2008956