本文選題：高速列車 + 隧道　； 參考：《蘭州交通大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：高速列車以其不可替代的優(yōu)勢在世界交通運輸業(yè)中占有重要位置。隨著列車運行速度的不斷提高,高速列車隧道空氣動力學問題日益顯著。列車高速駛出隧道過程中,洞內(nèi)外空氣流動空間逐漸改變,產(chǎn)生隧道壓力波、出口波等現(xiàn)象,高速列車的氣動性能也隨之發(fā)生改變。這將影響列車的安全運行及旅客的舒適性,大風環(huán)境下該影響作用尤為突出。因此,研究高速列車駛出隧道過程中的空氣動力效應問題具有十分重要的意義。本文通過數(shù)值計算方法,以簡化的CRH5型動車組和蘭新第二雙線的紅西隧道出口端及其附近局部地貌為研究對象,對不同條件下列車駛出隧道過程的壓力場、速度場及氣動載荷進行數(shù)值計算分析,得到列車-隧道系統(tǒng)的空氣動力特性變化規(guī)律。首先,對列車從不同形式的隧道洞口駛出時車頭壓縮波、車尾膨脹波和隧道出口波的形成機理進行了研究。對列車從直切式隧道洞口駛出時不同時刻的壓力場和列車從斜切式隧道洞口駛出時不同時刻的壓力場和速度場的變化進行了分析,說明了車頭壓縮波、車尾膨脹波和隧道出口波的形成機理。其次,對比分析了不同位置或不同形式洞口下的上述三種壓力波的波動特性。以帽檐切削式洞口為基礎,對比分析了隧道端口附近不同位置的車頭壓縮波、車尾膨脹波和隧道出口波的壓力變化以及列車從不同形式的隧道洞口駛出時的壓力變化規(guī)律。再次,對列車駛出隧道前后列車表面與周圍環(huán)境的壓力變化特性進行了研究。對不同條件下列車運行的壓力和速度變化進行了分門別類的分析,并闡述了其變化原理,得到了列車通過相應位置時的壓力變化規(guī)律;對不同過渡段的壓力極值變化進行了分析,初步得到了不同過渡段對列車運行的影響作用。最后,對列車運行過程中氣動載荷的變化特性進行了研究。通過極值比較,對不同條件下列車駛出隧道過程中各節(jié)車的氣動載荷變化特性進行了分析,說明了不同條件對列車各節(jié)車氣動參數(shù)的影響作用。以上研究結果可作為高速列車空氣動力學深入研究的基礎,同時可為解釋高速列車駛出隧道的空氣動力效應提供有益的參考。
[Abstract]:Because of its irreplaceable advantage, high-speed train plays an important role in the world transportation industry. With the increasing of train speed, the aerodynamic problem of high-speed train tunnel is becoming more and more obvious. The air flow space inside and outside the tunnel changes gradually in the course of high speed train coming out of the tunnel, resulting in tunnel pressure wave, exit wave and so on. The aerodynamic performance of high-speed train also changes with it. This will affect the safe operation of the train and the comfort of passengers, especially in the windy environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the aerodynamic effect of high-speed train in the process of exiting the tunnel. In this paper, the simplified CRH5 EMU and the local geomorphology near the exit of the Hongxi Tunnel on the second double track of Lanxin are taken as the research objects, and the pressure field of the train coming out of the tunnel under different conditions is studied. The aerodynamic characteristics of train tunnel system are obtained by numerical analysis of velocity field and aerodynamic load. Firstly, the formation mechanism of front compression wave, tail expansion wave and tunnel exit wave is studied. The variation of pressure field and velocity field at different times when the train is coming out of the orifice of a direct-cut tunnel and the pressure field and velocity field at different times when the train leaves the tunnel entrance of a oblique tunnel is analyzed, and the compression wave at the front of the train is explained. Formation mechanism of tail expansion wave and tunnel outlet wave. Secondly, the wave characteristics of the above three kinds of pressure waves under different positions or different forms of openings are compared and analyzed. Based on the brim cutting hole, the pressure changes of the front compression wave, the tail expansion wave and the tunnel outlet wave in different positions near the tunnel port are compared and analyzed, as well as the pressure variation law of the train coming out from different tunnel openings. Thirdly, the pressure variation characteristics of the train surface and surrounding environment before and after the train leaving the tunnel are studied. In this paper, the variation of train pressure and speed under different conditions is analyzed, and the principle of the change is expounded, and the law of pressure variation when the train passes through the corresponding position is obtained. The variation of pressure extremum in different transition sections is analyzed, and the influence of different transition sections on train operation is preliminarily obtained. Finally, the variation characteristics of aerodynamic load during train operation are studied. Through the comparison of extreme values, the variation characteristics of aerodynamic load of each section of train in the process of train exiting the tunnel under different conditions are analyzed, and the effect of different conditions on the aerodynamic parameters of each section of the train is explained. The above results can be used as the basis for the further study of aerodynamics of high-speed trains and provide a useful reference for explaining the aerodynamic effects of high-speed trains coming out of tunnels.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U451.3

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